carried and binds to a complementary codon in mRNA during protein synthesis
11. codon: a three-nucleotide sequence of DNA or mRNA that specifies a particular
amino acid or termination signal, basic unit of a genetic code
12. hydrophilic: having an affinity for water
13. hydrophobic: having an aversion for water, tending to coalesce and form
droplets in water
14. messenger RNA: a type of RNA synthesized from DNA and attached to ribo-
somes in the cytoplasm; it specifies the primary structure of a protein
15. mutation: a rare change in the DNA of a gene, ultimately creating genetic
diversity
16. nucleotide: building block of a nucleic acid, consisting of a five-carbon sugar
covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group
17. protein: a three dimensional polymer made of monomers of amino acids
18. protein synthesis: the creation of a protein from a DNA template
19. ribonucleic acid RNA: type of nucleic acid consisting of nucleotide monomers
with a ribose sugar and the nitrogenous bases: adenine, cytosine, guanine, and uracil.
single stranded, functions in protein synthesis and as the genome of some viruses
20. ribosome: a cell organelle that functions as the site of protein synthesis in the
cytoplasm, consists of ribosomal RNA and protein molecules
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