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IB Biology exam with answers
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IB Biology exam with answers
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IB Biology exam with answersgenotype - .......🔷ANSWERS🔶......✔✔ the alleles of an organism
phenotype - .......🔷ANSWERS🔶......✔✔ the characteristic of an organism
dominant allele - .......🔷ANSWERS🔶......✔✔ an allele that has the same effect on the phenotype
when present in both homozygous and heterozygous states
co-dominant alleles - .......🔷ANSWERS🔶......✔✔ pair of alleles that both affect the phenotype
when present in a heterozygote
recessive alleles - .......🔷ANSWERS🔶......✔✔ an allele that only has an effect on the phenotype
when in homologous state
locus - .......🔷ANSWERS🔶......✔✔ the particular position on homologous chromosomes of a gene
homozygous - .......🔷ANSWERS🔶......✔✔ having two identical alleles of a gene
heterozygous - .......🔷ANSWERS🔶......✔✔ having two different alleles of a gene
carrier - .......🔷ANSWERS🔶......✔✔ an individual that has one copy of a recessive gene that causes
a genetic disease in individuals who are homozygous for this allele
test cross - .......🔷ANSWERS🔶......✔✔ testing a suspected heterozygote by crossing with a known
homozygous recessive
karyotype - .......🔷ANSWERS🔶......✔✔ a photograph of the chromosomes in a cell
,independent assortment - .......🔷ANSWERS🔶......✔✔ the order of which the maternal and paternal
chromosomes in a homologous pair line up
crossing over (meiosis I) - .......🔷ANSWERS🔶......✔✔ chromosomes cross over at the chiasmata,
and exchange sections of DNA
non disjunction - .......🔷ANSWERS🔶......✔✔ chromosomes do not separate correctly, resulting in
gametes containing an extra copy of a chromosome or missing a chromosome
Meiosis: Prophase II - .......🔷ANSWERS🔶......✔✔ DNA condenses
Nuclear membrane breaks down
Spindle fibres form
Meiosis: Metaphase II - .......🔷ANSWERS🔶......✔✔ Individual chromosomes line up along the
equator of the cell
Spindle fibres attach to the centromeres
Meiosis: Anaphase II - .......🔷ANSWERS🔶......✔✔ Chromosomes split at the centromere
Sister chromatids move to opposite poles of the cell
Meiosis: Telophase II - .......🔷ANSWERS🔶......✔✔ Spindle fibres break down
Nuclear membrane forms
Chromosomes de-condense/uncoil/unwind
Cytokenises then occurs
Meiosis: Prophase I - .......🔷ANSWERS🔶......✔✔ Chromosomes condense
Nuclear membrane breaks down
Centriols move to opposite poles
Spindle fibres form
Homologous chromosomes pair up
, Meiosis: Metaphase I - .......🔷ANSWERS🔶......✔✔ Homologous chromosomes line up along the
equator of the cell
Spindle fibres attach to the centromeres
Meiosis: Anaphase I - .......🔷ANSWERS🔶......✔✔ Homologous chromosomes are pulled to opposite
poles
Meiosis: Telophase I - .......🔷ANSWERS🔶......✔✔ Nuclear membrane forms
Spindle fibres break down
Chromosomes de-condense/uncoil/unwind
Cytokenises then occurs
*does not occur in plant cells
independent assortment occurs: - .......🔷ANSWERS🔶......✔✔ during Meiosis I (Metaphase I)
crossing over occurs: - .......🔷ANSWERS🔶......✔✔ during Meiosis I (Metaphase I)
non-disjunction occurs: - .......🔷ANSWERS🔶......✔✔ during Meiosis I or II (Anaphase)
homologous chromosome - .......🔷ANSWERS🔶......✔✔ chromosomes with the same genes in the
same sequence
meiosis - .......🔷ANSWERS🔶......✔✔ a reduction division of a diploid nucleus to form haploid
nuclei
insertion/deletion mutation - .......🔷ANSWERS🔶......✔✔ bases are inserted into or deleted from the
DNA
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