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NUR 452 Final Exam Rangel ASU Fall 2023
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NUR 452 Final Exam Rangel ASU Fall 2023
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NUR 452 FINAL EXAM RANGEL ASUFALL 2023 QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS BY EXPERTS
fCompare and contrast community-oriented and community-based nursing - -Community-oriented
nursing:
-goal is to preserve, protect, promote, or maintain health of individuals, families, groups. populations,
communities
-health care to promote quality of life
-also called population health/ population focused/ population oriented
-main focus is community/population health
-no direct care for individual
-ex. family w/diabetes, school nurse, community outreach program, long time, upstream based, public
health
-ex. school nurse educates students on safe sex practices
-Community-based nursing:
-focus on illness care of individuals and families
-manage acute and chronic illness in the community
-family centered illness care
-examples→ pediatric nurses, mental health nursing, home health nurse
-ex. client w/ diabetes, referral, client specific care (episodic), short time (acute issues), provider driven
-ex. mother who lacks medical insurance and brings sick child in to clinic in her neighborhood
-ex. man who seeks help for care at community clinic after cutting foot while walking barefoot on the
street
Apply the public health core functions to the health of a community/population - -Core Public Health
Functions and Ten Essential Services:
-Core Function: Assessment
-ex. glucose screening, assessing STI rate, ht and wt of kids in a class
Monitor health status→ identify community health problems
Diagnose & investigate→ health problems & health hazards in the community
,-Core Function: Policy Development
Inform, educate, & empower→ about health issues
Mobilize community partnerships→ identify & solve health problems
Develop policies→ plans that support individual & community health efforts
-Core Function: Assurance
Enforce laws→ laws and regulations that protect health and assure safety
Link to/provide care→ link people to needed personal health services and assure the provision of health
care when otherwise unavailable (ex. if hospitals shuts down, provides mobile health clinics)
Assure competent workforce→ both for public health and personal healthcare (ex. take trainings like
how to give vaccines)
Evaluate→ effectiveness, accessibility, and quality of personal and population-based health services
Research→ new insights and innovative solutions to health problems
Differentiate upstream versus downstream thinking in community health - -Upstream: determinants of
health are overarching factors that are largely outside of the control of the individual and which have
significant trickle-down effects on other, more proximal determinants of public health
ex. screening for HTN knowing you have a family hx of it
-Downstream: determinants of public health can be seen as the outcomes of up and midstream factors
and variables, downstream determinants are more easily mitigated or prevented by the individual such
as a change in eating habits or reducing risk on the job
ex. screening for suspicion of HTN
Describe factors contributing to vulnerability - -Vulnerability→ susceptibility to actual or potential
stressors that may lead to an adverse effect
-Vulnerable population→ those groups who have an increased risk for developing adverse health
outcomes
-Ex. poverty and homelessness, migrant heath, teen pregnancy, mental health, substance abuse,
violence and human abuse, infetious and communicable diseases, high risk mothers and infants, chronic
illness/disability, persons with HIV/AIDS, immigrants and refugees
-Factors→ physical resources (poverty, limited social support), environmental resources (hazardous
work), personal resources (human capital), biopsychosocial resources (illness, genetic predisposition)
-Human capital refers to all the strengths, knoweldge and skills that enable a person to live a productive
and happy life; people with little education have less human capital because their choices are more
limited
Examine health disparities of various countries, such as developed vs. developing - -Health disparities→
differences in the incidence, prevalence, mortality, and burden of disease and other adverse health
, conditions that exist among specific population groups and differences that occur by gender, race, or
ethnicty, education or incomes, disabiliy, rural locations, sexual orientations
-Can be unavoidable, avoidable and stereotyping and prejudice can be involved
-Ex. breast cancer mortality, breast cancer screening, diabetes, early and adequate prenatal care, health
care access, health insurance, cardiovascular disease, immunizations, infant/fetal/perinatal morality,
cervical cancer, obesity, pain management, pap smear, pregnancy mortality rate, preventivie care,
prostate cancer mortality, quality of palliative care
-Developed country→ stable economy, wide range of industrial and technological development (ex. US,
Japan, Sweden, France)
-More likely to die of chronic diseases
-Developing country→ economy not stable, not stable in respect to technological development (ex.
Bangladesh, Haiti, Guatemala)
-More likely to die of infectious diseases
-Health disparities→ communicable diseases, diarrheal disease, maternal and women's health, nutrition
and world health, natural and man-made disasters
-Communicable→ prevention through immunizations, TB, AIDS, Malaria
-Diarrheal→ rampant among impoverished, common in children
-Maternal and women's health→ effects economic productivity
-Nutrition and world health→ nutritional deficiencies related to infectious diseases are a large portion of
the world's disease burden
-Natural and man-made disasters→ natural disasters typically occur in poor countries due to lack of
resources to cope and rebuild; man-made disasters also include genocide
Investigate organizations related to global health, such as UNICEF, World Bank, Health for All and
Millennium Development Goals - -UNICEF→ formed to assist children in war-ravaged countries of Eurpoe
-Role→ control communicable diseases and promote healthy behaviors
-Subsidary agency to UN
-Works closely with WHO
-World Bank→ lends money to lesser developed countries to improve their health status; sponsors
programs to protect environment (improvement of agricultural system); related to UN
-Health for All→ World Health Assembly stated that all citizens of the world should enjoy a level of
health that would permit them to lead a socially and economically productive life
-Health People 2020
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