Disease - a condition where normal structure and/or function are damaged or impaired
Infection - invasion of pathogen or parasite that lead to disease
Signs - things that can be directly measured by clinician (e.g. body temperature)
Symptoms - things felt by patient that cannot be clinically measured (e.g. nausea)
Syndrome - groups of signs and symptoms that help indicate a particular disease
Signs and symptoms help direct towards: - Diagnosis
Asymptomatic/subclinical - only signs can be observed through correct testing
WHO's International Classification of Diseases (ICD) is used globally to: - classify and monitor diseases
Infectious - disease is directly affected by pathogens
Communicable - capable of spreading person-to-person
Iatrogenic - acquired as result of medical procedure
Nosocomial - acquired from hospital setting
Zoonotic - acquired from animal
, Non-communicable - obtained from non-living thing such as soil or contaminated object
Non-infectious - not caused by pathogen
Periods of Disease - 1) Incubation
2) Prodromal
3) Illness
4) Decline
5) Convalescence
Incubation - intial entry of pathogen; replication begins
Prodromal - Replication continues; host shows signs and symptoms
Illness - signs and symptoms are most severe in host
Decline - pathogen number starts to decrease; host's immune system is weak and vulnerable to
secondary infection
Convalescence - host starts to recover
Acute disease - relatively short; influenza
Chronic disease - longer time; cancer, HIV
Latent disease - comes in episodes; pathogen replicates when disease is active; herpes
Koch's Postulates - set of standards that must be met to demonstrate that X pathogen causes X disease
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