Continuity (lifespan) - development is continuous and gradual
multi-directionality (ls) - development never stops but it has lots of losses and gains over time (ex. as an
infant you are able to hear 140 speech sounds but you lose some over time)
multi-disciplinary (ls) - development occurs in different domains (bio, psych, social) and is dependent on
other areas
biopsychosocial approach (ls) - development is dependent on biological, cognitive, and environmental
factors
nature vs nurture - nature: you are born the way u are
nurture: the environment raises who u are
maturational theory (bio) - based on genetics
ethology - the study of animal behavior
instinctual behavior - behavior that is not learned, you have from birth
critical period - a time shortly after birth where something must occur for normal development (ex.
Lorenzo's geese study with imprinting)
Erikson's Psychosocial Theory - Based on individuals' interacting and learning about their world,, humans
are social creatures that require interacting and learning to develop
8 stages of Erikson's theory - 1. Trust vs. Mistrust
2. Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt
, 3. Initiative vs. Guilt
4. Industry vs. Inferiority
5. Identity vs. Identity Confusion
6. Intimacy vs. Isolation
7. Generativity vs. Stagnation
8. Integrity vs. Despair
empiricism (learning) - we start as a blank state and we are products of our experience, nurture view
Behaviorism (learning theory) - behaviors are learned through observation (bandura)
classical conditioning - Pavlov, a process where responses are linked to stimuli
operant conditioning - a type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a
reinforcement or diminished if followed by a punishment (Skinner)
Piaget's Theory - Theory stating that children actively construct their understanding of the world and go
through four stages of cognitive development.
Piaget's Stages - 1. sensorimotor (senses and motor abilities, object permanence)
2. preoperational (imagination, language)
3. concrete operational (based on what they can see)
4. formal operational (abstract concepts)
Piaget and schemas - 1. schema- stereotype/idea of world
2. assimilation- expectations from schema
3. accommodation- change schema
4. equilibration- throw out schema entirely
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller oneclass. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $13.48. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.