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AP Biology Semester 1 Review Exam Q&A | Verified | Approved | Updated 2024 $10.49   Add to cart

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AP Biology Semester 1 Review Exam Q&A | Verified | Approved | Updated 2024

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AP Biology Semester 1 Review Exam Q&A | Verified | Approved | Updated 2024 Glycolysis - reactions, carried out in the cytoplasm, that break down glucose into two molecules of pyruvate (3 carbon molecule), producing two ATP molecules Activation Energy - The energy needed to start a chemical rea...

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  • August 22, 2024
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AP Biology Semester 1 Review Exam

Q&A | Verified | Approved | Updated 2024


Glycolysis - ✔✔reactions, carried out in the cytoplasm, that break down

glucose into two molecules of pyruvate (3 carbon molecule), producing two

ATP molecules

Activation Energy - ✔✔The energy needed to start a chemical reaction

Calvin Cycle - ✔✔Synthesizes sugar from the energy captured in ATP and

NADPH in the light reactions -associated with the stroma

Active Site - ✔✔The region of an enzyme molecule that binds substrates

and performs the catalytic function of the enzyme.

Aerobic Respiration - ✔✔oxygen-requiring reactions, occurring in

mitochondria

Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP) - ✔✔A molecule composed of the sugar

ribose, the base adenine, and two phosphate groups

Matrix - ✔✔the fluid contained within the inner membrane of the

mitochondrion

,Krebs Cycle (citric acid cycle) - ✔✔cycle series of reactions in which

pyruvate molecules produced are broken down to CO2, forming ATP and

NADH

Light Reactions - ✔✔Chlorophyll and other molecules capture sunlight

energy and convert it to chemical energy stored in ATP and NADPH-

associated with the thylakoid

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) - ✔✔A molecule composed of the sugar

ribose, the base adenine, and three phosphate groups.

Noncompetitive Inhibition - ✔✔

Lactic acid fermentation - ✔✔A series of anaerobic chemical reactions

using pyruvic acid that follows glycolysis and regenerates the NAD+

needed for glycolysis to occur. Produces Lactic Acid, occurs in bacteria and

human muscle cells experiencing oxygen debt.

Alcoholic fermentation - ✔✔A series of anaerobic chemical reactions using

pyruvic acid. Follows glycolysis and regenerates the NAD+ needed for

glycolysis to occur. Produces alcohol and CO2 as byproducts, used by

yeast cells in anaerobic conditions.

, Competitive Inhibition - ✔✔The process by which two ore more molecules

that are somewhat similar in structure compete for the active site of an

enzyme.

Stoma (stomata) - ✔✔Pores in the epidermis-mouths of the plant-open and

close to exchange CO2, O2, and H2O vapor

Endergonic - ✔✔Pertaining to a chemical reaction that requires an input of

energy.

Stroma - ✔✔Fluid enclosed in the chloroplasts

Enzyme - ✔✔A protein catalyst that speeds up the rate of specific

biological reactions.

Thylakoid - ✔✔Inner most membrane of chloroplast arranged into disk

shaped stacks.

Exergonic - ✔✔Pertaining to a chemical reaction that liberates energy

(either as heat or in the form of increased entropy); a "downhill" reaction.

Metabolism - ✔✔The sum of all chemical reactions that occur within a

single cell or within all cells of a multicellular organism.

Cell size is limited by - ✔✔surface to volume ratios

water potential gradient - ✔✔The maximum value is 0. More solute= lower

water potential (becomes a negative value)

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