when should you not use the oral method of obtaining a client's temperature - if the patient has a
problem with their mouth or if their mouth is in use by medical equipment
what is the normal range for adult pulse - 60-100 bpm; strong, regular
systole - peak of the wave; contraction of the heart
diastole - trough of the wave; resting phase of heart
stroke volume - the amount of blood ejected from the heart in one contraction.
Cardiac Output (CO) - total quantity of blood pumped per minute
what is something to consider about older adult's pulse? - it may take longer for the HR to rise. heart
sounds may also sometimes be muffled due to an increase in air space in the lungs
what is something to consider about older adult's temperature? - it runs low
when should you take the apical pulse - when the radial pulse is irregular, if a patient is taking cardiac
meds, or in assessment of infants to children up to 3 years old
what is the normal range for adult blood pressure - 120/80
peripheral resistance - arterial and capillary resistance to blood flow as a result of friction between
blood and the vessel walls
, hypotension - systolic pressure less than 100mmHg
prehypertension - BP of 120-139 systolic or 80-89 diastolic, obtained with 2 readings, 6 minutes apart
with patient sitting
hypertension - BP above 140 systolic or 90 diasolic
primary hypertension - high BP where the cause is unknown
secondary hypertension - high blood pressure caused by the effects of another disease
what is the normal range for adult respirations - 12-20
apnea - absence of breathing
dyspnea - difficulty breathing
orthopnea - difficulty breathing when lying down
rhonchi - low-pitched gurgling caused by secretions in large airways; can often clear with coughing
crackles - discontinuous popping sounds heard over inspiration; high-pitched popping or low-pitched
bubbling sounds caused by fluid in alveoli
stridor - strained, high-pitched sound heard on inspiration when an individual experiences respiratory
distress or has an obstructed airway
stertor - Labored breathing that produces a snoring sound
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