BBH 101 - Exam 2 Study Guide with Questions and Correct Answers
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Course
BBH 101
Institution
BBH 101
Stress Process by which we perceive and respond to events that are perceived as harmful, threatening, or challenging
Stressor Any event or situation that triggers coping adjustments
Biological processes of stress Experiences of stress can differ somewhat according to each individual's unique phys...
BBH 101 - Exam 2 Study Guide with
Questions and Correct Answers
Stress ✅Process by which we perceive and respond to events that are perceived as
harmful, threatening, or challenging
Stressor ✅Any event or situation that triggers coping adjustments
Biological processes of stress ✅Experiences of stress can differ somewhat according
to each individual's unique physiology and levels of physiological reactivity; the same
basic processes affect everyone
Psychological influences of stress ✅Affect how challenging situations are appraised -
either as manageable (not stressful) or unmanageable (stressful) - based on
personalities and individual life experiences
Holmes and rahe ✅life change units (lcus)
SRRS (Social Readjustment Rating Scale) ✅attempts to quantify life events in terms of
life change units
Critiques of ways to look at stress - significant life events ✅faulted for subjectivity and
failing to consider individual differences in cognitive appraisal
Hassels ✅concern about weight, health, appearance, too much to do
Uplifts ✅relating well with friends, completing a task, getting enough sleep
Stress of emerging adulthood ✅fun and exciting, freedom rich and stressful
Cultural cases include need for more education, unemployment, workplace rejection
and search for sense of self
Work stress ✅high level of perceived work stress linked to risk of emotional or mental
health problems and mood and anxiety disorders
Burnout ✅Job related state of physical and psychological exhaustion: nurses,
firefighters, air traffic controllers
Social interactions and stress ✅often serve as buffers against work stress
, Immunosuppression ✅Linked to loneliness, interpersonal conflict, bereavement related
depression, caregiver roles
Walter cannon - fight or flight ✅Outpouring of epinephrine, cortisol and other hormones
that prepared an organism to defend against a threat
Reticular formation ✅To thalamus to hypothalamus to limbic system to cerebral cortex
Route for information about a potential stressor
Higher brain regions to reticular formation to target organs, muscles, and glands
controlled by SNS
SAM - sympatho-adreno-medullary ✅• Body's initial, rapid acting response to stress
due to interaction of SNS and adrenal medulla
• Release of epinephrine and norepinephrine from adrenal medulla
• Fight or flight - females more likely to tend and befriend
HPA - hypothalamic pituitary adrenocortical ✅• Body's delayed response to stress,
involving the secretion of corticosteroid hormones from the adrenal corex
• Homeostasis
• CRH stimulates production of ACTH by pituitary gland which activates adrenal cortex
to secrete corticosteroids
Measuring stress- physiological measures ✅o Changes in physiological measures in
response to stress or emotional induced activation of sympathetic division of autonomic
nervous system
O Association with hormone levels during or immediately after stress
Mice and conditioned immune response ✅ader and cohen
Demonstrated immune system could be conditioned
Psychoneuroimmunology ✅Psychological, neuroendocrine, immunological processes
in stress and illness
Direct effect hypothesis ✅• Immunosuppression is part of the body's natural response
to stress
• HPA and SAM neuroendocrine response to stress
• T cells and B cells; lymphocytes
Indirect effect hypothesis ✅• Immunosuppression is an aftereffect of the stress
response
• Stress may encourage maladaptive behaviors that disrupt immune functioning
GAS- general adaptation syndrome ✅o GAS stages -Alarm, Resistance, Exhaustions
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