Exam (elaborations)
USABO-Review Exam Questions and Answers
- Course
- Institution
USABO-Review Exam Questions and Answers
[Show more]
Content preview
USABO-Review Exam Questions andAnswers
insterstitial fluid - Answer -fluid located between cells and among tissues
cuboidal epithelium - Answer -cube shaped epithelial cells that function in secretion, and
are located in various endocrine glands
simple columnar epithelium - Answer -lines intestines, secretes digestive juices and
absorbs nutrients, one cell thick
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium - Answer -forms a mucous membrane in
portions of the respiratory tract; contains cilia that move the film of mucous
stratified squamous epithelium - Answer -regenerates cells rapidly at the basal lamina,
located in areas of abrasion (anus, vagina, skin, linings of esophagus)
simple squamous epithelium - Answer -thin and leaky, located at sites of diffusion
(alveoli and blood vessels)
basal lamina - Answer -a mat of extracellular matrix that separates an organ from
epithelial tissue
lumen - Answer -cavity, external area around organ
loose connective tissue - Answer -connects organs/tissues to epithelium
cartilage - Answer -connective tissue that is sturdy, but softer and more flexible than
bone
chondroitin sulfate - Answer -a rubbery matrix made of a protein-carbohydrate complex
located in cartilage
chondrocytes - Answer -cells in cartilage that secrete collagen chondroitin sulfate
fibrous connective tissue - Answer -includes tendons and ligaments, made of fibers in
parallel bundles, which maximize non-elastic strength
,adipose tissue - Answer -tissue that protects, insulates, and cushions the body, holds
fat in adipose cells which contain fat droplets that can grow and shrink
bone - Answer -mineralized connective tissue; contain a matrix of bone with which
calcium, magnesium, and phosphate ions combine to form a mineral
osteoblasts - Answer -secretes matrix of collagen in bone
osteons - Answer -repeating units inside bone, contain concentric layers of mineralized
collagen wrapped around blood vessels and nerves
fibroblasts - Answer -cells of connective tissue that secrete the protein ingredients
macrophages - Answer -engulf foreign particles and debris through phagocytosis
collagenous fibers - Answer -made of collagen, nonelastic and do not tear easily
reticular fibers - Answer -made of collagen, joins connective tissue to adjacent tissues,
continuous with collagenous fibers
elastic fibers - Answer -made of elastin, easily stretched but bounce back to original
shape
sarcomeres - Answer -repeating units in muscles
glial cells or glia - Answer -located in nervous tissue; nourish, insulate, and replenish
neurons
regulator - Answer -manages internal conditions to combat changes caused by external
conditions
conformer - Answer -allows internal conditions to conform to external conditions
normal range (of a variable - homeostasis) - Answer -range for which action is taken to
maintain homeostasis
acclimatization - Answer -when an animal changes certain aspects of its metabolism,
behavior, etc. to temporarily conform to changing external conditions
endothermic (animal) - Answer -maintain the temperature inside the body through their
internal metabolism
ectothermic (animal) - Answer -gain their heat from external sources, do not perform
internal mechanisms to maintain temperature
,poikilotherm - Answer -animal whose body temperature varies with its environment
homeotherm - Answer -animal whose body temperature does not vary with its
environment
radiation - Answer -emission of heat in the form of electromagnetic waves
evaporation - Answer -removal of heat along with liquid being turned into gas
convection - Answer -transfer of hear by the movement of air or liquid past a surface
conduction - Answer -the direct transfer of heat between objects in direct contact
vasodilation - Answer -increasing the diameter of blood vessels as to bring it closer to
the surface of the body and warm it
vasoconstriction - Answer -decreasing the diameter of blood vessels as to take it farther
away from the surface of the body and cool it
countercurrent exchange - Answer -the flow of adjacent fluids in opposing directions
that maximizes transfer rates of heat or solutes
thermogenesis - Answer -heat production
non-shivering thermogenesis - Answer -heat production without moving
brown fat - Answer -tissue specialized for heat production
hypothalamus - Answer -part of the brain that acts like a thermostat for the body,
controlling the internal mechanisms that control internal temperature
bio-energetics - Answer -the overall flow and transformation of energy in an animal
metabolic rate - Answer -the sum of all the energy-requiring biochemical reactions over
a given time interval
basal metabolic rate (BMR) - Answer -in an endotherm, the minimum metabolic rate at
rest with an empty stomach without any stress
standard metabolic rate (SMR) - Answer -in an ectotherm, the minimum metabolic rate
when resting, nonstressed, and fasting
torpor - Answer -a physiological state in which activity is low and metabolism decreases
hibernation - Answer -long term torpor that is an adaptation to winter cold and food
scarcity
, essential nutrients - Answer -nutrients that are essential for an organism to ingest
because they cannot produce it themselves
vitamins - Answer -essential nutrients that are organic molecules and perform various
functions
minerals - Answer -essential nutrients that are inorganic and perform various functions
undernourishment - Answer -not receiving enough food to have sufficient energy
malnourishment - Answer -not receiving enough of a certain essential nutrient
epidemiology - Answer -the study of human health and disease at the population level
ingestion - Answer -consuming food
digestion - Answer -breaking down food
suspension feeders - Answer -filter and eat food suspended in water
substrate feeders - Answer -live on or in their food source
fluid feeders - Answer -drink fluid from other organisms (nectar, blood)
bulk feeders - Answer -eat lots of food in bulk
absorption - Answer -absorbing nutrients from food
elimination - Answer -removing waste from food from the body
enzymatic hydrolysis - Answer -hydrolysis caused by enzymes
intracellular digestion - Answer -digestion that occurs inside a cell by lysosomes
extracellular digestion - Answer -digestion that occurs outside of a cell through various
complex processes
gastrovascular cavity - Answer -a cavity in many organisms that has one opening and
allows food to be absorbed by cells in the body and digested intracellularly
complete digestive tract (alimentary canal) - Answer -a more complex digestive system
cavity; has two openings: mouth and anus
crop - Answer -area where food is stored and moistened
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller mereka. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $13.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
73243 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now