BBH 101 Lesson 6 Review Questions and Correct Answers
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Course
BBH 101
Institution
BBH 101
Stressor an event that can be something external (e.g death of a loved one) or internal (e.g. Psychiatric disorder) causing a negative emotional experience in response to it.
Hans Selye a Hungarian doctor who was the first person to identify stress as a medical issue and its effects on people. Kno...
BBH 101 Lesson 6 Review Questions
and Correct Answers
Stressor ✅an event that can be something external (e.g death of a loved one) or
internal (e.g. Psychiatric disorder) causing a negative emotional experience in response
to it.
Hans Selye ✅a Hungarian doctor who was the first person to identify stress as a
medical issue and its effects on people. Known as the "father of stress research" he first
developed his theory after observing how all subjects responded in the same way no
matter what the stimuli or stressor was.
- Hypothesized that the traumatic experience of getting a daily injection was having
negative effects on his rats.
- Hypothesized that the body has a general response to negative stimuli he called
"general adaption syndrome". He believed it was an attempt of the organism to deal
with what were deemed threats to its safety and/or sanity.
General Adaptation Syndrome ✅- the general response to negative stimuli
- believed it was an attempt of the organism to deal with what were deemed threats to
its safety and/or sanity.
- characterized by an initial stage of alarm, followed by attempt by the organisms body
to resist the negative stimulus. If the stimulus continued for long enough however, it
would result in an exhaustion of the organism's resources and an increased
susceptibility of the body to harm.
NONSPECIFIC RESPONSE
Stress Response ✅the physical and emotional reactions to a stressor.
- an exhaustion of the organism's resources and an increased susceptibility of the body
to harm in response to a stressor
Adrenal medulla ✅SNS stimulates a portion of the adrenal glands known as the
__________________________.
- the inner layer of the adrenal gland
Adrenal Cortex ✅outer layer of the adrenal gland
, SNS ✅activated immediately upon you recognizing something in your environment
that is potentially threatening or stress-inducing.
Cortisol ✅the most important role for ______________ in the stress response is the
mobilization and replenishment of energy.
Through a number of diff mechanisms, it helps to make energy like glucose available to
the body.
F.E. - ___________ prompts the breakdown of glycogen (the stored form of glucose) as
well as initiates the production of new glucose (i.e. Gluconeogenesis). It also promotes
the utilization of alternative energy stores, like fats.
- When levels remain too high for too long (as is often the case if a stressor is chronic or
repetitive), the ________ can have damaging effects on the body.
- is known for its immunosuppressive effects, and it can be used medically in situations
where immune system activity needs to be stifled (like in the case of an autoimmune
disorder). Thus, as _____________ secretion becomes prolonged, immune system
functionality decreases.
- seems to make some cells in the body less sensitive to the hormone insulin
Why is having abundant levels of energy important in dealing with a prolonged stressor?
✅a stressor that puts you in imminent physical danger might involve prolonged
physical effort to avoid it. Your body will need to get the energy for that effort
somewhere and CORTISOL helps to provide it or replenish the body after it has been
used.
Negative Feedback ✅- when cortisol is too high for too long. There are receptors for
cortisol in the HYPOTHALAMUS and other brain regions like the HIPPOCAMPUS that
can detect when cortisol levels in the blood are high. Then, those receptors then can
send signals to the hypothalamus to stop the secretion of CRH. In this way, high levels
of cortisol in the blood should act as a signal to end the stress response. If the stressor
is still present in the environment, however, then the feedback mechanism may be futile
as once the response is shut off it may soon start again.
- mechanism built into the HPA axis response.
SUPPRESSED ✅In the case of a chronic stressor, immune system function actually
becomes ________________. Suddenly the body is less capable of defending itself
against foreign invaders and similar threats.
Psychological ✅Our stress response is most often activated in response to
______________ stress
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