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Chapter 12. Autism Spectrum Disorders Questions and Answers
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Chapter 12. Autism Spectrum Disorders
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Chapter 12. Autism Spectrum Disordersautism spectrum disorders (ASD) - answer a group of disorders with similar
characteristics including difficulties with communication, social interaction, and
manneristic behaviors
ASD is a broad term that includes three conditions characterized by limitations in three
areas of development: - answer communication
social interaction
repetitive behaviors or interests
Conditions included in the group of disabilities called ASD - aspermatism
Asperger syndrome
pervasive developmental disorder- not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS)
Hn 1943 published his kandmark paper "Autistic Disturbances of Affective
Contactistorical Context
ASD was first identified by John Hopkins psychiatrist Leo Kanner,- - answer-who in
1943 published his landmark paper "Autistic Disturbances of Affective Contact."
Beginning in the 1960s, the conceptualization and treatment of ASD changed
dramatically. - answer1st Experts began to believe the ASD resulted from
neurobiological problems with a genetic basis.
2nd A number of researchers, Ivar Lovaas, demonstrated that behaviorally based
teaching techniques could produce measurable improvements in language and
intellectual functioning of children with ASD.
3rd Parents organized themselves and advocated for themselves and their children.
Today, children with these disorders are educated within inclusive school settings- -
answer-more than ever before, and researchers have developed a body of data-based
teaching strategies for students on the spectrum.
The basic science of ASD is rapidly emerging- - answer-about how brain development
and genetics interact to produce ASD.
Each of the three types of ASD shares similar behavioral characteristics in the areas of -
answer(a) social interaction,
(b) verbal and nonverbal communication, and
(c) repetitive behaviors or interests
, Rett syndrome= - answer=a pervasive developmental disorder with a known genetic
cause that occurs only in girl
-discovered more than 40 years ago by an Austrian physician, Andreas Rett
-most have mental retardation or intellectual disabilities
-develops progressively and results in cognitive disabilities typically more severe than
observed in people with autism.
childhood disintegrative disorder (CDD)= - answer=a pervasive developmental disorder;
the individual has typical development until about the age of 5 or 6 when a
developmental regression begins
autism= - answer=one of the autistic spectrum disorders (ASD); ranges from low to high
functioning
Definition of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) - answerAll children with ASD demonstrate
deficits in 1) social interaction, 2) verbal and nonverbal communication, and 3) repetitive
behaviors or interests. In addition, they will often have unusal responses to sensory
experiences, such as certain sounds or the way objects look. Each of these symptoms
runs the gamet from mild to severe. They will present in each individual child differently.
Definition of Autism
Office of Special Education Programs (OSEP), federal government - answerAutism
means a developmental disability significantly affecting verbal and nonverbal
communication and social interaction, generally evident before age three, that adversely
affects a child's educational performance. Other characteristics often associated with
autism are engagement in repetitive activities and stereotyped movements resistant to
environmental change or change in daily routines, and unusual responses to sensory
experiences
Definition of Autism (continued)
OSEP, federal government - answer(i) Autism does not apply if a child's educational
performance is adversely primarily because the child has an emotional disturbance, as
defined in paragraph (c)(4) of this section.
(ii) A child who manifests the characteristics of autism after the age of three could be
identified as having autism if the criteria in paragraph (c)(1)(i) of this section are
satisfied.
echolalia= - answer=repeating words, sounds, or sound patterns with no communicative
intent, meaning, or understanding; a speech pattern that may occur immediately or even
days later
stereotypes= - answer=nonproductive behaviors that an individual repeats at a high
rate; commonly observed in youngsters with autism spectrum disorders; also called
stereotypic behaviors
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