BBH 101 Exam 3 Practice Questions and
Answers
Diabetes ✅insulin deficiencies in production or effect
Role of insulin ✅- hormone that promotes the absorption of glucose from the blood.
-breaks down glucose after eating
Symptoms of hyperglycemia ✅- polyuria: increased urination
- polydipsia: increased thirst. Caused by polyuria
- Both occur because glucose levels are too high that it needs to be excreted through
urine. Increase in thirst to dilute the amount of glucose in blood.
Type 1 diabetes ✅- early and abrupt onset from childhood
- severe insulin deficiency so patients are insulin dependent.
- insulin producing cells in pancreas are though to be destroyed by immune system
making it an auto immune disease.
Type 2 diabetes ✅- adult onset diabetes. Late and gradual onset
- noninsulin dependent, insulin resistent, can turn into insulin deficiency
- 90% of cases are caused by obesity
- accounts for most cases
Gestational ✅- temporary disruption in insulin production associated with pregnancy.
- temporary during pregnancy but increases risk of type 2 developing
Pre-diabetes ✅- blood glucose levels are abnormal, but not high enough to be
diagnosed as diabetes
- high blood glucose but not diagnosable
Risk factors ✅- race
- age
, - genetics
- weight
- smoking
- physical inactivity
Complications ✅- CVD
- blindness
- kidney failure
- neuropathy
- hyperglycemic crises
- amputations
Why do these complications occur? Body becomes damaged blood vessels as a result
of diabetes and hyperglycemia
Diabetes prevention program ✅1) intensive behavior change
2) general advice and placebo
3) general advice and metaformin
Metaformin ✅anti diabetic drug that inhibits glucose production, reduces blood sugar
Screening and treatment ✅- regular screening after 45, before if risk factor presents
- treatments involve lifestyle changes, glucose monitoring, medication
Parkinson's and Alzheimer's ✅neurodegenerative disease that involves the
degeneration and death of neurons and brain cells
Parkinson's history ✅- symptoms described in ancient historical texts
- James parkinson published first description ins 1817
- gained better understanding in early 20th century
- 14th leading cause of death in 2014
- 2nd most common neurodegenerative disease
- age 60 is average age of onset
Symptoms ✅- tremors
- bradykinesia (slow movement)
- rigidity
- impaired posture
Answers
Diabetes ✅insulin deficiencies in production or effect
Role of insulin ✅- hormone that promotes the absorption of glucose from the blood.
-breaks down glucose after eating
Symptoms of hyperglycemia ✅- polyuria: increased urination
- polydipsia: increased thirst. Caused by polyuria
- Both occur because glucose levels are too high that it needs to be excreted through
urine. Increase in thirst to dilute the amount of glucose in blood.
Type 1 diabetes ✅- early and abrupt onset from childhood
- severe insulin deficiency so patients are insulin dependent.
- insulin producing cells in pancreas are though to be destroyed by immune system
making it an auto immune disease.
Type 2 diabetes ✅- adult onset diabetes. Late and gradual onset
- noninsulin dependent, insulin resistent, can turn into insulin deficiency
- 90% of cases are caused by obesity
- accounts for most cases
Gestational ✅- temporary disruption in insulin production associated with pregnancy.
- temporary during pregnancy but increases risk of type 2 developing
Pre-diabetes ✅- blood glucose levels are abnormal, but not high enough to be
diagnosed as diabetes
- high blood glucose but not diagnosable
Risk factors ✅- race
- age
, - genetics
- weight
- smoking
- physical inactivity
Complications ✅- CVD
- blindness
- kidney failure
- neuropathy
- hyperglycemic crises
- amputations
Why do these complications occur? Body becomes damaged blood vessels as a result
of diabetes and hyperglycemia
Diabetes prevention program ✅1) intensive behavior change
2) general advice and placebo
3) general advice and metaformin
Metaformin ✅anti diabetic drug that inhibits glucose production, reduces blood sugar
Screening and treatment ✅- regular screening after 45, before if risk factor presents
- treatments involve lifestyle changes, glucose monitoring, medication
Parkinson's and Alzheimer's ✅neurodegenerative disease that involves the
degeneration and death of neurons and brain cells
Parkinson's history ✅- symptoms described in ancient historical texts
- James parkinson published first description ins 1817
- gained better understanding in early 20th century
- 14th leading cause of death in 2014
- 2nd most common neurodegenerative disease
- age 60 is average age of onset
Symptoms ✅- tremors
- bradykinesia (slow movement)
- rigidity
- impaired posture
