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ASD TEST EXAM QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS
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Exam of 20 pages for the course asd at asd (ASD TEST EXAM)
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ASD TEST EXAMWhat is ASD? - answer Autism, or autism spectrum disorder (ASD) refers to a range of
conditions characterized by challenges with social skills, repetitive behaviors, verbal and
nonverbal communication and well as unique strengths and differences.
ASHA defines it as: a neuro-developmental disorder characterized by deficits in social
communication and social interaction and the presence of restricted, repetitive
behaviors.
What does neurodiversity refer to? - answerThe idea that conditions like autism,
dyslexia and ADHD are naturally-occurring cognitive variations with distinctive strengths
that have contributed to tech/culture, rather than necessarily being deficits.
What is the DSM-5 Criteria for ASD? - answerCore Deficits in the areas of:
Social communication and interaction (must have 3/3 symptoms)
-deficits in social-emotional reciprocity
-deficits in nonverbal communicative behaviors used for social interaction
-deficits in developing maintaining and understanding relationships
Deficits with Restricted and repetitive behaviors (must have 2 out 4)
-Stereotyped or repetitive speech, motor movements of use of objects
-Need for sameness
-Restricted interests
-Unusual sensory interests of hypo/hyper sensitivity
DSM-5 also has severity levels.. what are they? - answerlevel 1 = requiring support
level 2 = significant support (frequent enough behaviors that an average viewer will
notice)
level 3 = very significant support (interferes with functioning)
Social communication disorder (SCD) - answerCharacterized by a persistent difficulty
with verbal and nonverbal communication that cannot be explained by low cognitive
ability.
SCD involves difficulty with social communication skills (as does autism).
,.....But autism has the additional characteristic of restricted and/or repetitive behaviors.
An evaluation must rule out autism before reaching a diagnosis of SCD. This differential
diagnosis can be difficult.
Age of diagnosis effects outcome - answer-Average age of diagnosis is 3 y 10 m.
Can reliably diagnose at 2.
The earlier the diagnosis, the better the outcome.
Why is the prevalence of ASD increasing? - answer- The improvement in evaluations
and diagnostics.
- The increase in parental age. Mothers > 35 and dads > 40 have increased risk of ASD
kids.
- Greater awareness of the syndrome.
Demographics of individuals diagnosed with ASD - answer- ASD occurs in all racial and
ethnic groups.
- 4.5x more common in boys than girls, but we are missing a lot of girls due to diff
presentation of symptoms, and mainly boys being studied.
- White children more likely to be diagnosed than black/ hispanic (SES, awareness,
stigma etc.)
Prevalence and Incidence of ASD - answerIncidence: Affects 1/59 children.
Prevalence: About 2 mill people in the US, 1-2%.
$60k average cost per family per year.
Risk factors for ASD - answer- Highly genetic (twins usually both affected)
- Siblings: if one has ASD, 2-18% chance the other will as well.
- Time between births: higher risk for <18 mo, but >60 months.
- Older parents, males > 40 and women > 35
- Premature or low birth weight
- Association: mothers prescribed with opioids w/in 3 months of giving birth are 2.5X
more likely to have a child with ASD or other DD.
, Co-occurring conditions - answer70% of children with ASD (aged 10-14) diagnosed with
co-occurring illnesses:
- GI issues are common (70%)
- Sleep issues common (80%)
- Language impairments, anxiety, social withdrawal, ADHD, FAS, ODD, depression,
increased maternal/ parental stress all common
Why an issue with dx of girls? - answer- research largely based on boys.
- girls are good at imitating female peers.
- repetitiveness seems more "natural" or socially acceptable for them.
- tend to internalize their emotions/ depressions, so are not typically as hyperactive.
- higher social motivation and higher capacity for friendships
in a nutshell: ASD JUST DOESN'T LOOK THE SAME
What might ASD girls look like? - answer- Play skills are rigid/inflexible.
- Language may be more based on an internalized script.
- Exhausted after social interactions.
- Repetitiveness may be more acceptable/able fit in more, but is generally more intense.
Why is research important? - answer- Critical for investigating medical and scientific
issues.
- Course of development and response to treatment.
- Access to services
- Other families to connect with, seek comfort from.
- Efficient and accurate communication among the team.
- Less confusions for families.
- A name for it all.
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