BBH 101 Exam 2 Prep Questions and
Correct Answers
Stressor ✅an event or situation that causes stress
Eustress ✅A positive stress that energizes a person and helps a person reach a goal
Distress ✅negative stress
Allostasis ✅process by which the body achieves stability through physiological change
Allostatic load ✅the long-term negative impact of the stress response on the body
Stress buffering hypothesis ✅the hypothesis that social support provides a buffer
between a person and stressful events
Sympathetic nervous system (function) ✅Sympathetic mobilizes the body for action in
response to a stimulus or stressor. "Fight or flight" response, involves immediate
physiological and delayed hormonal responses.
Parasympathetic nervous system (function) ✅Parasympathetic returns the body to
baseline. Active under normal conditions.
Compare and contrast the neuroendocrine and endocrine systems.
Neuroendocrine system ✅Neuroendocrine system
- the nervous system interacts with other systems such as the endocrine system
- The hypothalamus is the brain region that regulates the endocrine system
- The nervous system uses neurotransmitters
Endocrine system
- consists of ductless glands throughout the body that release hormones
- The pituitary gland - connected to the hypothalamus, is thought to be the 'master
gland" that produces hormones to affect other glands, the effects of hormones have a
slow onset and prolonged action
List the components of the SAM and HPA axes and explain the role each axis plays in
the stress response. ✅HPA Axis - hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal
- The hypothalamus releases corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) that activates the
pituitary
, - The pituitary gland releases adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) into the bloodstream
- ACTH from the pituitary gland releases cortisol (stress hormone) - Increases energy -
Decreases inflammation Use as an index of stress --Can be measured in saliva, urine,
and hair
Describe the sex differences seen in the stress response system. ✅Fight or flight is
more representative of male than female responses
- The female response is "tend and befriend"
Females release oxycontin during stress
Generalized adaptation syndrome ✅The body's generalized attempt to defend against
a stressor
3 stages in this response to stressors
Alarm stage: initial response to a stressor
Resistance: The body mobilizes to defend against the stressor
Exhaustion: ongoing response to a stressor can lead to depleted resources for the body
Explains how stress relates to physical illness
Transaction model ✅Coping with a stressful situation
Coping is a process
It constantly changes and adapts to the situation
Coping is automatic
It is a learned pattern of responses to stressful situations
Coping requires effort
Coping is an effort to manage the situation
You need not to master the situation
Diathesis-Stress model ✅Individuals susceptibility to stress and illness is determined
by 2 interacting factors
Predisposing factors Genetic vulnerability Situations or events are not inherently
stressful or not stressful Acquired behavioral or personality traits Biological system
reactivity Physiological reaction to stress
Physiological measures ✅measures of: blood pressure, heart rate, galvanic skin
response, respiration rate, hormone levels
- Advantages: reliable and direct
- Disadvantages: expensive, and the process may produce stress itself
Self-report measures ✅Advantages: reliable and direct
Disadvantages: people may overreport some events and underreport other events
Describe which personal resources have the most influence on coping with stress.
✅Personal control: individuals who are confident they have some control over their
lives are better able to cope with stress
Correct Answers
Stressor ✅an event or situation that causes stress
Eustress ✅A positive stress that energizes a person and helps a person reach a goal
Distress ✅negative stress
Allostasis ✅process by which the body achieves stability through physiological change
Allostatic load ✅the long-term negative impact of the stress response on the body
Stress buffering hypothesis ✅the hypothesis that social support provides a buffer
between a person and stressful events
Sympathetic nervous system (function) ✅Sympathetic mobilizes the body for action in
response to a stimulus or stressor. "Fight or flight" response, involves immediate
physiological and delayed hormonal responses.
Parasympathetic nervous system (function) ✅Parasympathetic returns the body to
baseline. Active under normal conditions.
Compare and contrast the neuroendocrine and endocrine systems.
Neuroendocrine system ✅Neuroendocrine system
- the nervous system interacts with other systems such as the endocrine system
- The hypothalamus is the brain region that regulates the endocrine system
- The nervous system uses neurotransmitters
Endocrine system
- consists of ductless glands throughout the body that release hormones
- The pituitary gland - connected to the hypothalamus, is thought to be the 'master
gland" that produces hormones to affect other glands, the effects of hormones have a
slow onset and prolonged action
List the components of the SAM and HPA axes and explain the role each axis plays in
the stress response. ✅HPA Axis - hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal
- The hypothalamus releases corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) that activates the
pituitary
, - The pituitary gland releases adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) into the bloodstream
- ACTH from the pituitary gland releases cortisol (stress hormone) - Increases energy -
Decreases inflammation Use as an index of stress --Can be measured in saliva, urine,
and hair
Describe the sex differences seen in the stress response system. ✅Fight or flight is
more representative of male than female responses
- The female response is "tend and befriend"
Females release oxycontin during stress
Generalized adaptation syndrome ✅The body's generalized attempt to defend against
a stressor
3 stages in this response to stressors
Alarm stage: initial response to a stressor
Resistance: The body mobilizes to defend against the stressor
Exhaustion: ongoing response to a stressor can lead to depleted resources for the body
Explains how stress relates to physical illness
Transaction model ✅Coping with a stressful situation
Coping is a process
It constantly changes and adapts to the situation
Coping is automatic
It is a learned pattern of responses to stressful situations
Coping requires effort
Coping is an effort to manage the situation
You need not to master the situation
Diathesis-Stress model ✅Individuals susceptibility to stress and illness is determined
by 2 interacting factors
Predisposing factors Genetic vulnerability Situations or events are not inherently
stressful or not stressful Acquired behavioral or personality traits Biological system
reactivity Physiological reaction to stress
Physiological measures ✅measures of: blood pressure, heart rate, galvanic skin
response, respiration rate, hormone levels
- Advantages: reliable and direct
- Disadvantages: expensive, and the process may produce stress itself
Self-report measures ✅Advantages: reliable and direct
Disadvantages: people may overreport some events and underreport other events
Describe which personal resources have the most influence on coping with stress.
✅Personal control: individuals who are confident they have some control over their
lives are better able to cope with stress
