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PN 120 FINAL EXAM WITH QUESTIONS AND 100% VERIFIED ANSWERS

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PN 120 FINAL EXAM WITH QUESTIONS AND 100% VERIFIED ANSWERS...

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  • August 22, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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  • PN 120
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PN 120 FINAL EXAM WITH QUESTIONS AND
100% VERIFIED ANSWERS


Sarcopenia

A progressive & generalized skeletal muscle disorder.

Characterized by accelerated loss of muscle mass & insidious functional decline.

Malnutrition

Bad nutrition.

In practice, it refers specifically to protein-calorie undernutrition.

Calories for Older Adults

Estimated calorie needs per day decrease with age, resulting from a decrease in
energy expenditure

Protein for Older Adults

Healthy older adults: 1.0-1.2g/kg of protein/day

Older adults with an acute or chronic disease: 1.2-1.5g/kg of protein/day

Those with severe illness or injury or with marked malnutrition: as much as 2.0g/kg
of protein/day

Fiber for Older Adults

The recommendation for fiber decreases for adults age 50 years & older

Vitamin D for Older Adults

Well known for its role in maintaining skeletal health

Evidence suggests that low vitamin D may be involved in age-related diseases,
such as:

Cognitive decline

,Depression

Osteoporosis

Cancer

Hypertension

Type 2 diabetes

Fractures

Cardiovascular disease

Calcium for Older Adults

Low bone mineral density & osteoporosis are common in the United States,
especially in older adults

Once bone loss has occurred, medications are necessary

Calcium should be obtained from food

After the age of 70, the RDA for calcium increases for men:

1200mg/day (up from 1000mg/day)

After the age of 51 in women:

1200mg/day



Vitamin B12 for Older Adults

Adults over the age of 50 are advised to meet their B12 requirement mostly from
fortified foods

Status tends to decline with age due to a decrease in gastric acidity, which impairs
the freeing of Vitamin B12 bound to protein in foods

Iron for Older Adults

Iron intake may be low in adults who do not regularly eat red meat

,Which food should be included for inclusion into a diet of a client diagnosed with a
vitamin D deficiency?

A- apples

B- green beans

C- lean chicken

D- egg yolk

D- egg yolk



The goal of healthy ageing

Not only to prolong life but, more importantly, to extend healthy active years

Physical Activity in Older Adults

Regular physical activity:

-reduces the risk of falls & fall-related injuries in older adults

-lowers risk of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, type 2
diabetes, dyslipidemia, certain cancers, & dementia

-delays progression of certain chronic illnesses, hypertension, & type 2 diabetes

-encourages weight loss (particularly when combined with a lower calorie intake,
& improved weight management)

-improves cognition, quality of life, sleep, bone health, & physical function

-reduces risk of anxiety & depression

Malnutrition in Older Adults

Older adults generally perceive themselves as healthy, while many are at risk for
malnutrition

Contributing factors of malnutrition in Older Adults

, The quality & quantity of food intake

Food insecurity

Acute or chronic physical or mental health conditions

Key predictor of malnutrition in older adults:

Loss of appetite

(impaired socialization= lack of appetite)



BMI

Regardless of age

Underweight: <18.5

Overweight: 25-29.9

Obese: >30



Obesity in Older Adults

Obesity exacerbates most chronic health conditions, such as osteoarthritis, frailty,
disability, & diabetes



(Osteoarthritis is typically associated with age)



Changes related to aging & their implications




Actions of Insulin & Effects of Its Insufficiency

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