Nr565 Final Exam-Questions with Correct Answers/ Verified
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Course
NR565
Institution
NR565
What is significant about the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)? - It is where the least blood flow
occurs, rhe most damage occurs in the PCT when ischemia happens
What enzyme is obtained from the kidney? - Erythropoieten
angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) is made where? What does it do? - It is...
Nr565 Final Exam-Questions with Correct Answers/
Verified
What is significant about the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)? - ✔✔It is where the least blood flow
occurs, rhe most damage occurs in the PCT when ischemia happens
What enzyme is obtained from the kidney? - ✔✔Erythropoieten
angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) is made where? What does it do? - ✔✔It is made in the lungs;
to activate angiotensin 1 in the kidneys.
What is most important for the filtration process? - ✔✔Blood hydrostatic pressure
What are the functions of the kidney? - ✔✔Sodium/water removal, waste removal, hormone
production
What is acute renal failure? - ✔✔sudden loss of kidney function due to an illness, Injury, drug, Or
toxin that stresses the kidneys. ARF can be reversible
What is chronic Renal failure? - ✔✔A long slow process where the kidney looses its ability to
function, it occurs in different stages
What is end stage renal disease? - ✔✔Irreversible loss of kidney function
What are the types of ARF? - ✔✔Prerenal, intravenal, post renal
What is the most common cause of ARF? - ✔✔Pre renal
What happens when pre Renal is not treated? - ✔✔It can turn into intrinsic/ intrarenal and damage
inside
What is pre-renal failure? - ✔✔When the damage is before the kidneys due to decreased blood flow
from volume depletion or hypoperfusion
, Give examples of volume depletion and hypoperfusion - ✔✔Too many diuretics, vomiting and
diarrhea, hemorrhage;
Decreased cardiac output due to hf and artheroschlerosis
Explain pathophysiology of pre renal failure - ✔✔Decreased blood flow means decreased GFR,
decreased GFR means decreased renal blood flow, then decreased GFR activates RAAS. Angiotensin
secretes aldosterone which increases BP volume
If creatinine is elevated.... - ✔✔GFR is decreased
What is intra Renal failure? - ✔✔Its the damage that has occurred inside the kidney due to:
->Glomerulonephritis
->Rhabdomylosis
->Contrast dye
->Drugs/meds
->HTN (uncontrolled HTN)
->DM
TUMOR LYSIS SYNDROME
What is the most common intra Renal failure? - ✔✔Tubular
What is post-renal failure? - ✔✔Obstruction located after the kidneys, most often a consequence
from urinary obstruction
examples of post renal failure? - ✔✔BPH,
Kidney stones
Bladder stones
Obstructed catheter
Tumors/ cancer ( bladder, ureters, prostate)
What is used to diagnose polynephritis? And complicated polynephritis? - ✔✔Urine culture,
urinalysis, signs and symptoms;
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