NR565 Advanced Pharmacology Fundamentals-Questions with Correct Answers/ Verified
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Course
NR565
Institution
NR565
The process by which drugs are absorbed, distributed within the body, metabolized, and excreted. -
Pharmacokinetics
The study of what the drug does to the body - Pharmacodynamics
Rate of dissolution
Surface area
Blood flow
Lipid solubility
pH partitioning - Factors Affecting Drug Absorption
NR565 Advanced Pharmacology Fundamentals-Questions
with Correct Answers/ Verified
The process by which drugs are absorbed, distributed within the body, metabolized, and excreted. -
✔✔Pharmacokinetics
The study of what the drug does to the body - ✔✔Pharmacodynamics
Rate of dissolution
Surface area
Blood flow
Lipid solubility
pH partitioning - ✔✔Factors Affecting Drug Absorption
Blood flow to tissues
Ability to exit the vascular system
Blood-brain barrier
Protein-binding capacity - ✔✔Factors Affecting Drug Distribution
substances that are foreign to the body, usually synthetic chemical compounds; medications are a
common example - ✔✔Xenobiotics
xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes necessary for the production of cholesterol and steroids and the
detoxification of chemicals and drug metabolism. - ✔✔Cytochrome P450 (CYP450)
responsible for phase 1 metabolism in which drugs are oxidized, reduced, or hydrolyzed -
✔✔Function of Cytochrome P450 (CYP450)
Oxidation; Reduction; Hydrolysis - ✔✔Phase 1 Metabolism of Drugs via P450
-Drug becomes completely inactive
,-Drug becomes partially inactive but one or more metabolites remain active
-Original drug is not pharmacologically active but one metabolite remains active - ✔✔Three possible
outcomes of phase 1 drug metabolism.
Medications that can increase the rate of another drug's metabolism by elevating CYP450 enzyme
activity via increasing enzyme synthesis. decreasing the concentration of the "parent drug" -
✔✔CYP450 Inducers
CRAPGPS
Carbamazepine
Rifampin
Alcohol
Phenytoin
Griseofulvin
Phenobarbital
Sulfonylureas - ✔✔CYP450 Inducer Medications
Medications that inhibit the metabolic activity of one or more of the CYP450 enzymes. Higher risk
for toxicity; prolongs the pharmacological effect of the "parent drug". - ✔✔CYP450 Inhibitors
VISACKGQ
Valproate
Isoniazid
Sulfonamides
Amiodarone
Chloramphenicol
Ketoconazole
Grapefruit Juice
Quinidine - ✔✔CYP450 Inhibitor Medications
-potentially Inappropriate Medication (PIM) use in older adults
,-potentially Inappropriate Medication (PIM) use in older adults due to medication-disease or
medication-syndrome interactions that may exacerbate the disease or syndrome
-medications to be used cautiously in older adults
-clinically significant drug interactions that should be avoided in older adults
-medications to be avoided or dosage decreased in the presence of impaired kidney function in older
adults - ✔✔Beers Criteria
when one medication systemically alters the potency of another medication. - ✔✔Pharmacokinetic
Interactions
result of a change due to one medication's effect on another medication's route of entry into the
body. - ✔✔Absorption Interaction
caused by the amount of unbound/free medications available at the various target sites. -
✔✔Distribution Interaction
concentration of the medication after biotransformation into active and inactive metabolites in
higher or lower than expected. - ✔✔Metabolism Interaction
the body's ability to eliminate medications in pure form or by altering a metabolite from the body. -
✔✔Elimination Interaction
does not alter or impact absorption, distribution, metabolism, or elimination because of the one
medication's ability to manipulate the effect of another medication at its site of action -
✔✔Pharmacodynamic Interactions
refers to the nurse practitioner's ability to practice without physician oversight - ✔✔Practice
Authority
refers to the nurse practitioner's authority to prescribe medications. - ✔✔prescriptive authority
Nurse practitioners have the autonomy to evaluate patients, diagnose, order and interpret tests,
initiate and manage treatments and prescribe medications, including controlled substances without
physician oversight. - ✔✔Full-practice scope
, Nurse practitioners are limited in at least one element of practice. The state requires a formal
collaborative agreement with an outside health discipline for the nurse practitioner to provide
patient care. - ✔✔Reduced-practice scope
Nurse practitioners are limited in at least one element of practice by requiring supervision,
delegation, or team management by an outside health discipline for the nurse practitioner to
provide patient care. - ✔✔Restricted practice scope
DEA Scheduled Drugs - ✔✔Drugs that cannot be ordered via E-Script
Schedule II drugs - ✔✔Drugs that cannot be prescribed or refilled via phone
An occurrence of fewer than three months and is often precipitated by trauma and acute medical
conditions or treatment. - ✔✔Acute Pain
Referred Pain
Acute Somatic Pain
Acute visceral pain - ✔✔Types of Acute Pain
episode of pain that lasts for 6 months or longer; may be intermittent or continuous - ✔✔Chronic
pain
pain that is felt in a location other than where the pain originates - ✔✔Referred Pain
-Arises from connective tissue, muscle, bone and skin.
-Sharp and localized or dull and non-localized
-Responds best to: acetaminophen, corticosteroids, NSAIDs, opiates, local anesthetics, ice, massage -
✔✔Acute Somatic Pain
Pain in the internal organs and abdomen
Poorly localized (C-fibers)
Radiates
Most responsive to opiates
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