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Summary physiology of the respiratory system
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summary of the physiotherapy course, first year of the bachelor's degree in physiotherapy.
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Physio : appareil respiratoire1) Généralités
a. Respiration interne
Production d’ATP à partir d’O2 et nutriments
b. Respiration externe
Échange entre le sang et l’environnmement, nécessite :
Ventilation
Perfusion : débit sanguin
Membrane alvéolo-capillaire
2) Anatomie
a. Voies aériennes
, Muqueuse respiratoire :
o Épithélium respiratoir
Pseudostratifié, composé de cellules cilliées et cellules à mucus
o Protection contre les poussières et microbes
Cavités nasales
o Vibrisses
o Cornets nasaux qui forment des méats => filtrer réchauffer, humidifier air inspiré
o Sinus frontaux, maxillaires, ethmoides et sphénoides => caisse de résonnance pour la
voix
o Conduit lacrymo-nasal
Pharynx
Carrefour aéro-digestif
o Rhinopharynx
o Oropharynx
o Laryngopharynx
, Trachée
o En avant de l’œsophage / division en 2 bronches dont la droite est plus verticale
o Partie conductrice : bronches principales, lobaires, segmentaires, bronchioles et
bronchioles terminales
La proportion de cartilage diminue et celle de muscle lisse augmente
o Partie respiratoire : bronchioles respiratoires, canaux alvéolaires, alvéoles
Muscles : bronchoconstriction (système parasympathique)
carcinome bronchique : cancer des bronches (communément appelé cancer des poumons
o Asthme
Dyspnée à cause de la contraction musculaire, œdème de la muqueuse ou sécrétion mucus
Cause : réaction allergique, infection, facteur psy
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