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  7. Unit 2E.2 - The German Democratic Republic, 1949-90

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GDR Full Notes
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  • Unit 2E.2 - The German Democratic Republic, 1949-90
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An organised and detailed table of notes on the GDR - perfect for your Pearson Edexcel A-Level History exams! Includes aims, methods and results across the terms of both Ulbricht and Honecker for: social policies and welfare; economy; political control/Stasi; relations with USSR and its leaders; i...

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  • August 22, 2024
  • 7
  • 2021/2022
  • Other
  • Unknown

Subjects

  • gdr
  • lenin
  • stalin
  • krushchev
  • brezhnev
  • a level history
  • pearson edexcel
  • edexcel history

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  • A/AS Level
  • PEARSON (PEARSON)
  • History 2015
  • Unit 2E.2 - The German Democratic Republic, 1949-90
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Leaders Aims Methods Results
Social Policies & Welfare (programs geared towards assisting the poor, unemployed and marginalised in society)
Ulbricht  Visions for new socialist  Building of new residential  Prefabricated and substandard
(1950-71) towns communities with Plattenbau housing
 Housing for the masses housing  Plattenbau housing bleak and
near centres of industry  Focus on quantity of provisions soulless and seen negatively by
 Interlinking of workplace, rather than quality those around it
housing and welfare  Party members often  Higher crime rates (Halle
policy to have people’s prioritised for housing over Neustadt 20% higher than old
lives completely industrial workers and elderly town of Halle)
influenced by state  No personal control given to  Shortage of housing caused:
ideology and policy people over living conditions marriage problems in young
 Encouraging equality or chance of moving couples living with parents;
within education  Recruitment plans targeted prioritisation according to
those who had been political standing/economic
persecuted by Nazi regime and worth
those from working-class  Housing issues one of main
backgrounds complaints to Party
 Grandschules introduced to  By mid-1950s, approx. 50% uni
raise academic achievements students from working-class
of all children homes
 Small number of specialist  Efficacy of education system
schools limited by its increasing use as
 Further education and night an instrument through which
school courses offered political loyalty could be tested
Honecker  Improving working and  Significant welfare reforms  60% children 0-3 were placed
(1971-89) living conditions of introduced in creches by 1974, exceeding
women  1973 Housing program most West
launched  Popular measures but
 1976 construction of 1m new preserved traditional roles
homes and extension of social  By late 1980s, around 90% of
welfare program women worked
 1971 range of new social  Social policy increased access
policies introduced for women of women to further education
 Abortion legalised and and reduced dependency of
contraceptives made free of women on men
charge in 1972
 Maternity leave extended from
18-26 weeks
 Help introduced for single
fathers
 Creches & nurseries expanded
Economy
Ulbricht  Follow five-year plans to  USSR continued to take  First 5YP saw some targets
(1950-71) rebuild economy in reparations, including money exceeded but saw widespread
aftermath of WW2 and 25% industrial goods, dissatisfaction with pressure on
 Meet production targets harming the economy workers and lack of consumer
by increasing labour  Hindered due to lack of access goods available, leading to
productivity to lucrative areas of FRG and migration to FRG (0.5m
 Second 5YP focused on migration to FRG between Jan 51 and April 53)
consumer goods,  Nationalisation of industry,  By 1958 only 1/3rd GR farmland
improving living standards with private sector only collectivised
and development of covering highly-specialist  By end of 1960, private
nuclear energy production enterprise controlled only 9%
 NES & ESS to make  Voluntary collectivisation total industrial production
economy more efficient began in 1952  Impact of 7YP on living

, by reducing central  Centralised control tightened standard undermined by
control and allowing by SED in 1958, alongside attempts to increase worker
some areas of profit to further nationalisation of productivity by 85%
drive industry forward industry  Crop yields fell by 30%
 NES: Promotion of  1959 7YP announced plans to between 1960-61
innovation and efficiency; integrate GDR economy more  Full employment but
production of quality with USSR and increase targets dissatisfaction in jobs and
goods; focus on scientific  Second attempt at fewer additional benefits than
and technological collectivisation in early 1960 FRG
developments; links  More effective government  NES & ESS lacked Soviet
between universities and planning of economy after support and were restricted by
industry construction of wall, but now political manoeuvrings in SED.
 ESS: promoting key no excuse for poor economy  Skilled workers often
industries and developing  NES 63-68 – more decision- overqualified for jobs available,
computer technology and making allowed by directors at creating dissatisfaction and
chemical & plastics lower levels within high labour turnover
industries organisations; incentives  Issues with NES: opposition
introduced for workers over fears of veering away
 ESS 68-71 – higher production from communist ideology; little
quotas; industrial production to purchase with increasing
rose 43% 58-65 wages and underqualified
managers
 68-71: economy grew by 5.7%
(more than West)
 Didn’t overtake FRG economy
 Significant increase in
availability of household items,
but often of poor quality
Honecker  Bringing welfare and the  Unity of Social and Economic  Early success in creation of
(1971-89) economy together – raise Policy consumer socialism but caused
standards of living  All private and semi-private underinvestment in industry
through consumer businesses nationalised in 72  By 1980s, faltering economy
socialism and better  OPEC oil crisis of 73 weakened led to more reliance on FRG
welfare GDR’s purchasing power for loans
 Increase in production exports  Loss of private business
allowing for increase in  2b DM loans from FRG in 83 & restricted consumer socialism
social conditions 84, but placed into banks (to and led to it being reversed in
appear credible) rather than 76
used in industry where it was  Caused consistent
needed underinvestment in industry
that would cause a decline in
80s
 Stabilised economy, causing it
to grow at around 5% each
year in 70s
 82: imports fell by 30% whilst
exports rose by 9%, preventing
economic recovery
 Failed to tackle poor supply
and quality of consumer goods
 Economy superior to many
Eastern bloc countries but still
unstable and weak
Political Control/Stasi
Ulbricht  Defend GDR from acts of  Implementation of Berlin wall  Approx. 5000 successful
(1950-71) sabotage, within and from in 1961 prevented migration attempts, nearly 200 shot at

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