Vander-s Human Physiology_ Ch. 9 exam with complete solutions
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Course
Human physiology
Institution
Human Physiology
Glycolytic fibers
skeletal muscle fiber with few mitochondria and large store of glycogen
In muscle, the high energy molecule ____ ____ donates a high energy phosphate group to recharge ATP in the first few seconds of muscle contraction
creatine phosphate
Location in body which cont...
Vander's Human Physiology: Ch. 9 exam
with complete solutions
Glycbers - ANSWER-skeletal muscle fiber with few mitochondria and large store
of glycogen
In muscle, the high energy molecule ____ ____ donates a high energy phosphate
group to recharge ATP in the first few seconds of muscle contraction - ANSWER-
creatine phosphate
Location in body which contains single-unit smooth muscle: - ANSWER-walls of
stomach
These fuel substrates are used to produce ATP by oxidative phosphorylation in
skeletal muscle fibers: - ANSWER-blood fatty acids, blood glucose, glucose from
muscle glycogen
Muscles: - ANSWER-generate force and movements used to regulate the internal
environment, and they also produce movements of the body in relation to the
external environment.
Three types of muscle tissue can be identified on the basis of structure,
contractile properties, and control mechanisms: - ANSWER-cardiac, smooth,
skeletal
skeletal muscle - ANSWER-attached to bone; its contraction is responsible for
supporting and moving the skeleton; initiated by action potentials in neurons of
, the somatic motor division of the peripheral nervous system and is usually under
voluntary control.
smooth muscle - ANSWER-sheets surround various hollow organs and tubes,
including the stomach, intestines, urinary bladder, uterus, blood vessels, and
airways in the lungs; contraction of smooth muscle may propel the luminal
contents through the hollow organs, or it may regulate internal flow by changing
the tube diameter & makes the hairs of the skin stand up and the pupil of the eye
change diameter; not normally under voluntary control; frequently occurs in
response to signals from the autonomic nervous system, hormones, and
autocrine or paracrine signals.
cardiac muscle - ANSWER-muscle of the heart; contraction generates the
pressure that propels blood through the circulatory system; regulated by the
autonomic nervous system, hormones, and autocrine or paracrine signals; it can
also undergo spontaneous contractions.
Sequential order of events occurring after an increase in cytosolic Ca2+ in a
smooth muscle fiber: - ANSWER-1) Ca2+ binds to calmodulin; 2) Ca2+-calmodulin
complex binds to myosin light-chain kinase; 3) Active myosin light-chain kinase
uses ATP to phosphorylate myosin light chains in the globular head of myosin; 4)
Phosphorylation of myosin drives the cross-bridge away from the thick filament
backbone, allowing it to bind to actin; 5) Cross-bridges go through repeated
cycles of force generation if myosin light chains are phosphorylated.
Myosin molecule is composed of: - ANSWER-2 larger polypeptide heavy chains
and 4 smaller light chains
Characteristics of smooth muscle cells: - ANSWER-single nucleus; often
interconnected into sheets of cells; small and spindle shaped, diameter between
2 and 10 microns; capacity for cell division throughout life
Function of tropomyosin in skeletal muscle contractile regulation: - ANSWER-
blocks myosin from binding to actin
Sequential steps occurring during signaling at neuromuscular junction: -
ANSWER-1) Depolarization of motor neuron terminals opens voltage-sensitive
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