Focus on Nursing Pharmacology chapter 2 exam questions with answers 2024/2025
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Focus on Nursing Pharmacolog y
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Focus On Nursing Pharmacolog Y
Focus on Nursing Pharmacology chapter 2
exam questions with answers 2024/2025
A nurse is planning patient teaching about a newly prescribed drug. What is a priority teaching point
included by the nurse to improve compliance and safety? - ANSWERS If a patient is aware of certain
adverse effec...
Focus on Nursing Pharmacology chapter 2
exam questions with answers 2024/2025
A nurse is planning patient teaching about a newly prescribed drug. What is a priority teaching point
included by the nurse to improve compliance and safety? - ANSWERS If a patient is aware of certain
adverse effects and how to alleviate or decrease the discomfort, he or she is more likely to continue
taking the medication. A list of pharmacies can be useful information but will not improve safety or
compliance. Knowing the cost of the brand name versus the generic form could also be helpful to the
patient. However, a substitution may not be allowable and the cost of a drug does not improve patient
safety. Most patients are not concerned with the statistics related to drug testing and it would not
improve compliance or safety even if the patient was interested in the information.
A patient presents at the clinic complaining of vaginal itching and a clear discharge. The patient reports
to the nurse that she has been taking an oral antibiotic for 10 days. The nurse is aware that the patient is
experiencing what? - ANSWERS Superinfections often occur with antibiotic use because the drug kills
normal bacterial flora. This is not a result of toxic levels of the antibiotic, but rather an effect of the
medication that has killed normal flora, which it is designed to do. Vaginal itching and a clear discharge
are not considered adverse effects of an antibiotic. An overdose of a drug that damages more than one
body systems is considered drug poisoning
A 42-year-old male patient is brought to the emergency department by ambulance. The patient is in
distress. The nurse suspects an anaphylactic reaction resulting from taking oral penicillin. What
assessment findings are important in making this diagnosis? - ANSWERS An anaphylactic reaction is an
immune reaction that causes a massive release of histamine, which results in edema and swelling that
can lead to respiratory distress and increased blood pressure. A decreased hematocrit and decreased
urine output suggests a cytotoxic reaction. An increased temperature and swollen joints could suggest
serum sickness. Profuse sweating and decreased blood pressure may indicate cardiac-related issues.
A patient with seasonal allergies is taking an antihistamine to relieve itchy, watery eyes, and a runny
nose. When planning teaching for this patient, the nurse would include what teaching point? - ANSWERS
An adverse effect of antihistamines is drowsiness, so that injury to the patient or others can occur if
driving or operating machinery. An increase in fluids would be indicated to help keep nasal membranes
moist. It is common for dreams to occur when taking medication and it is not necessary to report them.
Dietary fat should not interfere with the drug metabolism of antihistamines.
, A nurse is providing teaching to a group of patients who are beginning drug therapy for acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). What should be included in her instructions to the group? -
ANSWERS Poisoning resulting from overdosage can lead to the potential for fatal reactions when more
than one body system is affected. Liver, not kidney, injury can be caused by the first-pass effect and can
cause the skin to have a yellow appearance. Most drugs are metabolized in the liver but liver damage
causes jaundice, manifested as a yellow tinge to the skin and sclera. Dark red papules appearing on
limbs are characteristic of Stevens-Johnson syndrome, a potentially fatal erythema multiforme
exudativum, which should be reported but is not due to liver damage.
The pharmacology instructor is talking to the nursing students about potassium-sparing diuretics and
how they can lead to hyperkalemia, indicated by what assessment finding? - ANSWERS The normal
range of serum potassium for an adult is 3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L. A level higher than 5.0 mEq/L can indicate
hyperkalemia. Normal urinary output is between 1,500 and 2,000 cc per day. Urinary output below
1,000 mL per day would include oliguria and would indicate hyperkalemia. A decrease in blood pressure
and pulse can indicate hypokalemia. Hyperkalemia refers to an elevated potassium level and not an
elevated calcium level.
An 80-year-old patient presents at the clinic for a follow-up appointment. She is taking a macrolide
antibiotic and is experiencing tinnitus. The nurse is talking with family members about home care for the
patient. What should the nurse include in her instructions regarding home care? - ANSWERS Macrolide
antibiotics can cause severe auditory nerve damage, which can cause dizziness, ringing in the ears
(tinnitus), and loss of balance and hearing. The patient would be at high risk for injury due to falls.
Usually a person who is dizzy is unable to lie flat and needs to recline with the head elevated. Salt and
sunlight are not a component of this patient's presenting complaint.
Oral antidiabetic drugs can cause alterations in glucose metabolism. Patients who are taking these
drugs would need to be observed for what? - ANSWERS Antidiabetic medications decrease blood
glucose levels. If levels fall too low, symptoms of hypoglycemia would include confusion and lack of
coordination. Elevated blood glucose levels can occur when the patient does not take the medications.
With inadequate dosage, hyperglycemia can occur, resulting in increased urination in an attempt to
eliminate serum glucose, deep Kussmaul's respirations to reduce blood pH by eliminating carbon
dioxide, thirst, and hot or flushed skin.
A patient is taking chloroquine (Aralen) for rheumatoid arthritis. What problem reported by the patient
would the nurse suspect may be an adverse reaction of the medication? - ANSWERS Chloroquine
(Aralen) can cause ocular toxicity with blurring of vision, color vision changes, corneal damage, and
blindness. Increased urination, tingling, and numbness are signs of hyperkalemia and hypokalemia. Loss
of balance can be caused by auditory damage due to drug toxicity.
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