Exam (elaborations)
NSG-122 NURSING FUNDAMENTALS
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NSG-122 NURSING FUNDAMENTALS
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NSG-122NURSING
FUNDAMENTALS
infectious agent - Answers -bacteria, viruses, fungi
Which of the following is the most significant and commonly found infection causing
agent in health care institutions? - Answers -Bacteria
Possible Reservoirs for Microorganisms - Answers -Other people
Animals
Soil
Food, water, milk
Inanimate objects
common portals of exit - Answers -Respiratory
Gastrointestinal
Genitourinary tracts
Breaks in skin
Blood and tissue
Which infection or disease may be spread by touching a contaminated inanimate
article? - Answers -Influenza
incubation period - Answers -organisms growing and multiplying
prodromal stage - Answers -person is most infectious, vague and nonspecific signs of
disease
,Full stage of illness of infection - Answers -presence of specific signs and symptoms of
disease
During which stage of infection is the patient most contagious? - Answers -Prodromal
Stage
Factors Affecting Host Susceptibility - Answers -Intact skin and mucous membranes
Normal pH levels
Body's white blood cells
Age, sex, race, hereditary factors
Immunization, natural or acquired
Fatigue, climate, nutritional and general health status
Stress
Use of invasive or indwelling medical devices
Cardinal signs of inflammation - Answers -redness, swelling, heat, pain, loss of function
Laboratory Data Indicating Infection - Answers -Elevated white blood cell count—normal
is 5,000 to 10,000/mm3
Increase in specific types of white blood cells
Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate
Presence of pathogen in urine, blood, sputum, or draining cultures
Five Moments for Hand Hygiene - Answers -Moment 1 - Before touching a patient
Moment 2 - Before a clean or aseptic procedure
Moment 3 - After a body fluid exposure risk
Moment 4 - After touching a patient
Moment 5 - After touching patient surroundings
bacteria flora - Answers -Transient—attached loosely on skin, removed with relative
ease
Resident—found in creases in skin, requires friction with brush to remove
Four Categories Responsible For Majority Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs) -
Answers -Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI)
Surgical Site Infection (SSI)
Central-line associated bloodstream Infection
Ventilator-associated pneumonia
Risk Factors for Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci (VRE) - Answers -Compromised
immune systems
Recent surgery
CDC Recommendations to Prevent C. difficile infection (CDI) - Answers -avoiding the
use of electric equipment that is difficult to clean or electric thermometers
, Disinfecting Disinfecting dedicated patient care items and equipment(stethoscope)
between patients
Using- Using full-barrier contact precautions(gowns and gloves)
placing- placing patients in private rooms; cohort patients with the same strain of CDI
performing- performing meticulous hand hygiene- soap and water
performing- performing environmental contamination of rooms
educating- educating health care providers( and patients/families as appropriate) on
clinical presentation, transmission, and epidemology of CDI
using- using antimicrobials at an appropriate dose and only when indicated.
Body's defense against infection - Answers -Body's normal flora
Inflammatory response
Immune response
Factors Determining Use of Sterilization and Disinfection Methods - Answers -Nature of
organisms present
Number of organisms present
Type of equipment
Intended use of equipment
Available means for sterilization and disinfection
Rinse
Tell whether the following statement is true or false.
Soaps and detergents (nonantimicrobial agents) are considered adequate for routine
mechanical cleansing of the hands and removal of most transient microorganisms. -
Answers -True
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) - Answers -gloves, gowns, masks, and protective
eye gear designed to minimize or prevent the health care worker's exposure to
infectious material
Standard Precautions - Answers -Used in the care of all hospitalized patients regardless
of their diagnosis or possible infection status
Apply to blood, all body fluids, secretions, and excretions except sweat (whether or not
blood is present or visible), nonintact skin, and mucous membranes
New additions are respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette, safe injection practices, and
directions to use a mask when performing high-risk prolonged procedures involving
spinal canal punctures
Tell whether the following statement is true or false.
Standard precautions should be used when caring for a noninfectious, postoperative
patient who is vomiting blood.
A. True
B. False - Answers -TRUE
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