GNRS 576 Pharmacology Test #1 with
complete solutions
chemical name of drug - ANSWER-scientific name based on the compound's chemical
structure
generic name of a drug - ANSWER--lower cased name
-no one has paid to use the name so everyone can use it
-what nurses need to know
trade/brand name of drug - ANSWER--capitalized name
-a company has paid to use the name
categories of controlled subtances - ANSWER--category I: most likely to be abused &
meds we rarely use in medicine (cocaine, heroine, LSD)
-category II: addictive meds we'll deal with more often in medicine (morphine, codeine,
dilaudid)
-category III: less likely to be abused that category II (Tylenol with codeine)
-category 5: least likely to be abused; patient will experience many other side effects
before getting high
Pharmaceutics - ANSWER--the science of "dosage form design"
-how we design a drug to be able to work in the body (ie. pill, liquid, injection, etc.)
different route to take meds - ANSWER--enteral: oral meds that are absorbed in the
stomach and small intestine
-parenteral: injections (intradermal, subcutaneous, IM, IV)
-topical: spread on body inside or out (eyes, ears, skin, nose, lungs, rectum, vagina);
inhalants, suppositories, creams, drops
tabs - ANSWER--powdered meds compressed into disc form
-can be scored in halves
capsules - ANSWER--med balls encased in gelatin shell
, -little bits of meds that can dissolve at different rates and are often sustained or
extended release
enteric coated - ANSWER-coating on tablet holds meds in place so they do not dissolve
in the stomach and instead only dissolve in the small intestine
chewable - ANSWER--used for children and other clients that have a hard time
swallowing pills
-breakdown of drug starts in the mouth
sublingual - ANSWER--under the tongue
-meds quickly get into blood stream because there is so many blood vessels under the
tongue that absorb the med
liquids - ANSWER--usually absorbed more quickly than solid dosage forms
-meant for people who can't swallow pills or chew
injections - ANSWER--intradermal (into dermis)
-subcutaneous (into fat)
-intramuscular (buttocks, thigh, upper arm)
-Intravenous
patches - ANSWER--transdermal (goes on skin)
-do not cut patch since it changes the rate of dissolution
-when you take off patch put the new one in a different spot
drops - ANSWER--eye drops, eye ointment, ear drops
-adult pull up and pack on ear
-child pull down and back
suppositories - ANSWER--good route for a client who is vomiting, has difficulty
swallowing, and for infants
-rectal or vaginal
inhalers - ANSWER--fastest working route (faster than IV)
-canister containing meds in aerosol form that is delivered directly to the lungs
immediate vs. sustained/controlled released - ANSWER--immediate works right away
-sustained/controlled release: capsule where the medication balls work at different times
- some work right away and some over a longer period of time
complete solutions
chemical name of drug - ANSWER-scientific name based on the compound's chemical
structure
generic name of a drug - ANSWER--lower cased name
-no one has paid to use the name so everyone can use it
-what nurses need to know
trade/brand name of drug - ANSWER--capitalized name
-a company has paid to use the name
categories of controlled subtances - ANSWER--category I: most likely to be abused &
meds we rarely use in medicine (cocaine, heroine, LSD)
-category II: addictive meds we'll deal with more often in medicine (morphine, codeine,
dilaudid)
-category III: less likely to be abused that category II (Tylenol with codeine)
-category 5: least likely to be abused; patient will experience many other side effects
before getting high
Pharmaceutics - ANSWER--the science of "dosage form design"
-how we design a drug to be able to work in the body (ie. pill, liquid, injection, etc.)
different route to take meds - ANSWER--enteral: oral meds that are absorbed in the
stomach and small intestine
-parenteral: injections (intradermal, subcutaneous, IM, IV)
-topical: spread on body inside or out (eyes, ears, skin, nose, lungs, rectum, vagina);
inhalants, suppositories, creams, drops
tabs - ANSWER--powdered meds compressed into disc form
-can be scored in halves
capsules - ANSWER--med balls encased in gelatin shell
, -little bits of meds that can dissolve at different rates and are often sustained or
extended release
enteric coated - ANSWER-coating on tablet holds meds in place so they do not dissolve
in the stomach and instead only dissolve in the small intestine
chewable - ANSWER--used for children and other clients that have a hard time
swallowing pills
-breakdown of drug starts in the mouth
sublingual - ANSWER--under the tongue
-meds quickly get into blood stream because there is so many blood vessels under the
tongue that absorb the med
liquids - ANSWER--usually absorbed more quickly than solid dosage forms
-meant for people who can't swallow pills or chew
injections - ANSWER--intradermal (into dermis)
-subcutaneous (into fat)
-intramuscular (buttocks, thigh, upper arm)
-Intravenous
patches - ANSWER--transdermal (goes on skin)
-do not cut patch since it changes the rate of dissolution
-when you take off patch put the new one in a different spot
drops - ANSWER--eye drops, eye ointment, ear drops
-adult pull up and pack on ear
-child pull down and back
suppositories - ANSWER--good route for a client who is vomiting, has difficulty
swallowing, and for infants
-rectal or vaginal
inhalers - ANSWER--fastest working route (faster than IV)
-canister containing meds in aerosol form that is delivered directly to the lungs
immediate vs. sustained/controlled released - ANSWER--immediate works right away
-sustained/controlled release: capsule where the medication balls work at different times
- some work right away and some over a longer period of time
