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BIOL 101 quiz 8 Liberty University answers complete solution Mega Text Bank 2019 Graded A+
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BIOL 101 quiz 8 Liberty University answers complete solution Mega Text Bank 2019 Graded A+
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Terms in this set (119)Mitosis is a cellular process that produces A. Two genetically identical daughter cells
A. Two genetically identical daughter cells
B. Four genetically identical daughter cells
C. Two similar, but not genetically identical
daughter cells
D. Four similar, but not genetically identical
daughter cells
How many chromosomes do human somatic C. 46 (23 pairs)
(body) cells have?
A. 23
B. 45
C. 46 (23 pairs)
D. 47
What is a gene? B. A segment of DNA that controls the production of a protein
A. A malignant growth resulting from
uncontrolled cell division
B. A segment of DNA that controls the
production of a protein
C. An arrangement of chromosomes used to
detect genetic abnormalities
How many chromosomes would a typical D. 92
human cell have after mitosis but before
cytokinesis?
A. 0
B. 23
C. 46 (46 per cell but the cell has not yet
divided)
D. 92
The form of cell division by which sex cells produce gametes, with half the number of
Meiosis
chromosomes, are produced.
Gametes sperm or egg cells
At the start of Meiosis vs. At the end of Start: there are 46 chromosomes (23 pairs) in the parent cell
Meiosis End: there are 23 chromosomes in each of four new cells that were produced
Two cell divisions in Meiosis Meiosis I and Meiosis II
Occurs only in gonads -(testes [sperm] or ovaries [eggs]).
Where does Meiosis occur?
**Meiosis in males is called spermatogenesis and produces sperm
**Meiosis in females is called oogenesis and produces eggs (ovum)
Sexual Reproduction Creates a diploid zygote from the fertilization of the haploid egg and haploid sperm.
46 chromosomes (23 pairs)
Diploid
**Haploid = 23 chromosomes
**Haploid (sperm) + Haploid (egg) = Diploid (zygote)
Types of Chromosomes Autosomal & Sex
Autosomal all chromosomes in a person's cells except for those that determine the sex. 22 pairs
chromosomes that determine sex. 1 pair
Sex
**XX: female, XY: male
, -Interphase I
-Meiosis I (4 Phases)
*Prophase I
*Metaphase I
*Anaphase I
The Process of Gamete Formation *Telophase I
-Meiosis II (4 phases)
*Prophase II
*Metaphase II
*Anaphase II
*Telophase II
Similar to mitosis interphase.
**Chromosomes (coiled up DNA & proteins) replicate
Interphase I
**Each duplicated chromosome consists of two identical sister chromatids attached at
their centromeres
Cell division that reduces the chromosome number by one-half.
Meiosis I --Four phases: Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I
**46 chromosomes -> 23 chromosomes
o Chromosomes condense.
o Synapsis (coming together) occurs - Homologous chromosomes (chromosome pairs)
Prophase I
come together to form a tetrad.
o Tetrad is two chromosomes or four chromatids (sister and non-sister chromatids).
¥ Homologous chromosomes contain DNA that codes for the same genes, but
different versions of those genes
Non-Sister Chromatids ¥ Genes occur at the same loci (location on a chromosomes)
**gene (& gene variation)- blood type (both chromosomes would have the gene, but
the "versions" would be the types of blood that you actually have)
--Pair of chromosomes that are similar in shape and size.
--Homologous pairs (tetrads) carry genes controlling the same inherited traits.
Homologous Chromosomes
--Each locus [loci] (position of a gene) is in the same position on homologues
[homologous chromosomes].
--Crossing over: segments of non-sister chromatids break and reattach (exchange
Prophase I - Crossing Over genes) to the other non-sister chromatid on the other homologous chromosome
--Causes Genetic Recombination (Variation)
¥ Nuclear membrane (envelope) disappears & spindle [what moves the chromosomes]
forms
Prophase I (pt. 2)
¥ Chromosomes coil & synapsis (pairing) occurs
¥ Tetrads form & crossing over (only in prophase) occurs
¥ Tetrads (pairs of homologous chromosomes) align on the equator (middle).
Metaphase I ¥ Independent assortment occurs - chromosomes separate randomly causing genetic
recombination (variation)
• Homologous chromosomes separate and move towards the poles.
Anaphase I
• Sister chromatids remain attached at their centromeres.
• Each pole now has haploid (1n) set of chromosomes.
Telophase I • Cytokinesis occurs and two haploid daughter cells are formed. (1 parent, 2 daughter
cells)
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