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MICR 3230 immunology Midterm Exam questions and answers University of Guelph
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MICR 3230 immunology Midterm Exam questions and answers University of Guelph
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MICR 3230 immunology MidtermExam questions and answers
University of Guelph
, MICR 3230 immunology Midterm Exam questions and answers University of Guelph
What is immunity?
The state of protection against foreign pathogens or substances (antigens)
How do you generate immunity without disease?
Immunization
What does immunization do?
Prepares the immune system for eradication of the antigen
What is herd immunity?
Vaccination/protection of a critical mass of people
What is humoral immunity?
Combats pathogens via antibodies
What are antibodies produced by?
B cells
2 types of humoral immunity:
Passive & active
What is cell-mediated immunity mediated by?
T lymphocytes
How does cell-mediated immunity work?
Eradicates pathogens, clear infected self-cells, aid other cells in immunity
Humoral & cell-mediated immunity rely on:
Surface receptors of B and T cells
Receptors are randomly generated by:
Gene segment rearrangements in the cells
B cells that encounter antigen produce:
Specific antibodies
,T cells:
Bind antigens/specific peptides presented by APCs
General gist of humoral immunity:
BCR binds antigen
Antigen internalized
B cell produces antibodies
General gist of cell-mediated:
TCR binds antigen
T cell produces cytokines
OR
TCR binds antigen
Antigen internalized
Infected cells recognized by APCs & lysed
4 major categories of pathogens:
Viruses
Bacteria
Fungi
Parasites
What is pathogen recognition?
An interaction b/w foreign organism & recognition molecule expressed by host
Ligands include:
Whole pathogens
Antigenic fragments
Products secreted by foreign organisms
The immune response is:
An extra-/intracellular cascade of events leading to the labeling & destruction of pathogen after ligand
binding
Cells that recognize & kill/engulf pathogen labelled:
CELLULAR immunity
, Soluble proteins for labeling & destruction of invaders labelled:
HUMORAL immunity
Immune responses rely on:
Recognition molecules
Recognition molecules are:
Encoded in DNA - always expressed - PRRs
PRRs bind to PAMPs
Randomly generated
Explain clonal selection:
Individual B and T cells have specificity for single antigen
Each has many copies of a receptor that only binds to 1 antigen
When B or T cell reacts w antigen it's SELECTED & ACTIVATED
Activation --> proliferation --> large # of clones
Each clone responds to original pathogen
Cells not activated are deleted
Tolerance ensures:
That the immune system avoids destroying host tissue from anti-self antibodies
2 systems that respond to pathogens:
Innate
Adaptive
The innate system:
First line of defence
Fast but NOT specific
Uses inherited recognition molecules & phagocytic cells
The adaptive system:
Humoral & cell-mediated
Slow (5-6 days)
Uses randomly generated antigen receptors
Highly specific
How do the innate & adaptive systems work together?
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