BSC 108 Exam 3 Complete Questions and Correct
Answers.
DNA is composed of ____ subunits. - ANS Nucleotide
DNA has a ____ backbone covalently bonded to _____-containing bases - ANS Sugar-
phosphate
Nitrogen
A DNA molecule contains how many strands of DNA?
These strands form what? This means that they are _____. - ANS 2
A double helix
Complementary
What are the nitrogen-containing bases? - ANS Adenine
Guanine
Thymine
Cytosine
The nitrogen-containing bases of the two strands are held to each other by ____ - ANS
Hydrogen bonds
Adenine always pairs with _____ - ANS Thymine
Cytosine always pairs with _____ - ANS Guanine
How does a molecule of DNA replicate? - ANS One parent molecule that has two
complementary strands separates
Each strand is used as a template to make a new strand
Each of the two daughter molecules will be composed of one "old" (parent) strand and
one "new" strand
The two parent strands separate at the ____ - ANS Origin of replication
Synthesis of two new complementary strands occurs in the _____ using the ____ as
templates - ANS Replication bubble
Parent strands
The replication bubbles merge as DNA replication progresses in both directions at the
______ - ANS Replication forks
An organism's DNA leads to specific traits by _____ - ANS Dictating the synthesis of
proteins
, What is the structure of RNA? - ANS Ribose + A nitrogenous base + A phosphate group
(A, G, C, U)
____ is a single-stranded nucleic acid - ANS RNA
RNA contains ____ instead of thymine - ANS Uracil
RNA contains ____ instead of deoxyribose - ANS Ribose
What are the 3 types of RNA? - ANS mRNA
tRNA
rRNA
What is the function of mRNA? - ANS Carries the genetic information copied from DNA
This is the molecule that is translated into protein
What is the function of tRNA? - ANS Acts as a molecular interpreter to convert the three
letter words (codons) of nucleic acids to the amino acid words of proteins
What is the function of rRNA? - ANS Associates with a set of proteins to form ribosomes
Genes code for specific proteins via what 2 processes? - ANS Transcription
Translation
What is transcription? - ANS The synthesis of mRNA under the direction of DNA
Where does transcription take place? - ANS In the nucleus
What is translation? - ANS The synthesis of a polypeptide (which will late become a
protein) under the direction of mRNA
Where does translation occur? - ANS On ribosomes in the cytoplasm
What is the structure of tRNA? - ANS At one end is the amino acid attachment site
At the other end is the three-nucleotide anticodon where the mRNA will attach
What is the role of tRNA in translation? - ANS Translate the message of nucleotides into
amino acids
How does information flow in a cell? - ANS From DNA to RNA to protein
____ makes ____ through transcription - ANS DNA
RNA
____ makes ____ through translation - ANS RNA
Protein
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