INTL4440H Final Exam || with 100% Error-free Solutions.
Accountability (oversight) correct answers Accountability refers to the mechanism of policing
the IC's activities within the context of legality. Examples of congressional accountability bodies
include the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence (HPSCI) and the Senate Select
Committee on Intelligence (SSCI). Major law that improved the congressional oversight function
was the Hughes-Ryan Act of 1974 which mandated the POTUS to report all covert operations of
the Central Intelligence Agency to one or more Congressional committees within a set time limit
(later amended to include all activities by all members of the IC).
Allende correct answers Salvador Allende first ran for the Chilean presidency in 1964 as a
declared Marxist candidate. In order to prevent soviet ideology from entering the backyard of the
US, the CIA spent over $3million dollars campaigning against Allende. He was eventually
defeated in the 1964 election. However in 1973, upon learning of Allende's lead in the plurality
vote, Pres. Nixon summoned SecState Kissinger and Richard Helms to devise a "Track II"
(different approach that the State and DoD didn't know about) to prevent or take out Allende.
CIA sought to instigate a coup to prevent Allende from taking office after he won a plurality in
the 4 September election and before, as Constitutionally required because he did not win an
absolute majority, the Chilean Congress reaffirmed his victory. Famous quote "we'll make their
economy scream." CIA denies involvement in the eventual military coup of 1973 of Allende but
argues it had intelligence predicting it.
Aspin-Brown Commission correct answers Under the chairmanship first of Les Aspin and then
of Harold Brown, a presidential commission undertook America's biggest-ever single inquiry
into secret intelligence. In 1996, it recommended that the CIA should continue to function as an
independent agency. It also recommended against the idea that the DCI should give way to a
more powerful "intelligence tsar: who would preside in his stead over the entire intelligence
community. Report underscores "Intelligence agencies cannot operate in a vacuum."
Boland Amendments correct answers laws passed in 1982 and 1984 that outlawed US
government personnel from aiding the Contras in Nicaragua. These amendments were quickly
overrun by NSC staffers funding the Contras through sales of arms to the Iranians through a
hidden arm known as "The Enterprise" (Iran Contra Scandal)
Justice Brandeis on accountability correct answers (Myers v US) reminded Americans that the
founders had strived "not to promote efficiency but to preclude the exercise of arbitrary power.
The purpose was not to avoid friction, but, by means of the inevitable friction incident to the
distribution of the governmental powers among three departments, to save the people from
autocracy"
Church Committee correct answers Senate committee in 1975 headed by Senator Frank Church
that uncovered a "Pandora's box" of intelligence threats to civil liberties in the US. Was the first
time in the US history (and as Dr. J mentions also world history) that a secret intelligence agency
was put to public view and the pinnacle of bringing democracy to an area where democracy was
Never brought to before. THE INCIDENT WAS SO EGREGIOUS BECAUSE THE
INTELLIGENCE AGENCIES WERE SPYING ON US CITIZENS DOMESTICALLY.
,Findings by the Church committee became the starting points to Intelligence as an academic
subject. Contents include US CIA/NSA/FBI actions over wiretapping, illegal intelligence
gatherings, assassination attempts, other covert operations.
Drone Kill List correct answers originally the Patriot Act of 2001 stipulated that only enemies
involved in 9/11 attacks were able to be retaliated against, but the target list greatly widened
without any legislative changes; the current procedure for making the kill list remains
unaccountable and it supposedly requires approval from US ambassador to that country, the CIA
COS, director of NCS, and D/CIA; if the target is an American citizen, attorneys at DOJ must
also approve;
Rockefeller Commission correct answers President Ford's own executive commission (headed by
VP Rockefeller) to investigate CIA activities within the United States. It failed compared the
great strides made by the Church Committee.
Pike Committee correct answers House counterpart to the Church Committee. Impanelled in feb
1975.The Pike Committee report was never published because of objections by members of
congress. Was controversial because its final report was leaked to newspaper Village Voice, and
this leak undermined the IC's ability to trust the House.
The Farm correct answers During the Aspin-Brown Commission, in May of 1995, Aspin took
the commissioners and staff on a retreat to "the Farm," a CIA facility chiefly used as a training
site. More casual than their typical meetings, they stayed for almost two days and heard briefings
from case officers and DCI Robert Gates, who advocated for enhancing the power of the DCI.
Covert Action (CA) correct answers the silent option, the third option, special activities. It is an
attempt to influence other countries, to secretly change the course of history. It is the action-
oriented side of intelligence, and the final passage of the NSA allows for CA (boilerplate clause),
it is the initial legal authority, but real legal authority comes in the Hughes-Ryan Act. There are 4
packages of CA- it is legally defined in the Intelligence Oversight Act of 1991
1. Propaganda- perception enhancement or perception management, trying to let the world know
we were infinitely better than the USSR, we inserted 50-80 media pieces a day during Cold War.
Do so by hiring media assets, a fair amount of hypocrisy is involved. It probably played an
important role in ending the Cold War. Reinforces overt channels of communication through the
usage of local agents covertly Blowback- articles placed in a foreign media outlet that get picked
up by US media. Good example: Guatemala
2. Political- using King George's cavalry (cash) to aid and abet US interests, bribery.
Good example: Italy
3. Economic- introducing counterfeit money to cause inflation, cyberhacking, sabotage
infrastructure
Good example: Chile
-operation squaredance- plant a parasite in Cuba to destroy sugar cane (DoD); this operation was
never enacted
4. Paramilitary
, Paramilitary Operations (PM) correct answers paramilitary. Assassination, the most extreme and
controversial forms of a nation's secret foreign policy. In guerilla warfare the CIA's main role is
to provide advice and weaponry. Recipients are pro-US forces in mostly Middle Eastern and
South Asian countries. Train foreign soldiers to fight on behalf of US interests. UAVs are the
most lethal aspects of PM.
Wyche Fowler correct answers Georgian Representative who served as a commissioner on the
Aspin-Brown Commission.
Directorate of Operations (DO) correct answers Directorate of Operations. An arm of the CIA
that extended overseas to US Embassy Stations around the world. Today the DO was known as
the NCS (National Clandestine Service) and then changed back to DO. It has a history and
reputation for being 'cowboys' who bend/break the law, assassinate people, and overthrow
governments. While overstated, there are more than a few cases where this has happened.
Generally in charge of covert activities. DCI's regularly came out of the DO. Known for their
street smarts versus the book smarts of the DI.
Covert Action Staff (CAS) correct answers Subdivision of the DO which handles political and
economic covert action.
Special Operations Group (SOG) correct answers Administrated by the DO, the paramilitary
operations officers from the legendary Special Operations Group (or SOG, no relation to the
Vietnam-era CIA group) are maintained in the elite Special Activities Division (SAD). They are
highly skilled in weaponry; covert transport of personnel and material by air, sea, and land;
guerrilla warfare; the use of explosives; assassination and sabotage; and escape and evasion
techniques. They are prepared to respond quickly to myriad possible needs, from parachute drops
and communications support to assistance with counter-narcotics operations and defector
infiltration.
Chief of Station (COS) correct answers Top CIA official in a foreign country. Senior US
intelligence representative for that foreign government.
Case Officer correct answers CIA officer stationed in a foreign country.
Asset correct answers Person recruited by a case officer that has access to useful information.
Convinced by the CIA to commit treason against their own country.
Plausible Deniability correct answers abused by Oliver North and John Poindexter during the
Iran-contra scandal. If a mission goes wrong or is discovered, can the president say he didn't
know about it? CIA officials speak indirectly about plots so investigatory committees, like
Church, cannot be sure if phrases in documents refer to assassination. Political superiors could
understand what they would, ask for more information if they desired, but were not encouraged
to ask. So they could disclaim knowledge of the plan and do so more or less honestly. (used
extensively with Castro assassination plots). Kept the White House out of unsavory activities.
Eisenhower rejected PD when a CIA U-2 plane was shot down over Russia. Ended with Hughes-
Ryan Act.
