5 Implicit I's of Microbiology - CORRECT ANSWER Inoculation
Incubation
Isolation
Inspection
Identification
Inoculation - CORRECT ANSWER Put bacteria on/in a medium
Incubation - CORRECT ANSWER Let it grow at an optimum temperature
Isolation - CORRECT ANSWER Separate out individual colonies
I...
Microbiology Lab Final UTA (ANSWERED)
5 Implicit I's of Microbiology - CORRECT ANSWER Inoculation
Incubation
Isolation
Inspection
Identification
Inoculation - CORRECT ANSWER Put bacteria on/in a medium
Incubation - CORRECT ANSWER Let it grow at an optimum temperature
Isolation - CORRECT ANSWER Separate out individual colonies
Inspection - CORRECT ANSWER Look at characteristics
Identification - CORRECT ANSWER Identify microbe based on observations
Form - CORRECT ANSWER Shape of the whole colony; First thing we see when we examine a bacterium
under the microscope
Margin - CORRECT ANSWER Edge of colony
Elevation - CORRECT ANSWER Side view
Morphology - CORRECT ANSWER Form, Margins, Elevation, and Pigment Production
Friable - CORRECT ANSWER Crusty growth
Agar Slants - CORRECT ANSWER Used mainly in media cultivation and maintenance of stock cultures.
-Dry, flat, spreading edge, friable, translucent, mucoid/butyrous, and filiform growth
Filiform - CORRECT ANSWER Dense opaque growth with a smooth edge
Bacteria are Defined by? - CORRECT ANSWER Their cellular structure and small size
Pellicle - CORRECT ANSWER Bacteria float on top of medium and produce a type of surface membrane
Sediment - CORRECT ANSWER Bacteria sink to the bottom
Uniform Fine Turbidity (UFT) - CORRECT ANSWER cloudy growth
Flocculent - CORRECT ANSWER Clumping growth
Coccus/Cocci - CORRECT ANSWER Spherical shape, greek for berry
Can occur in chains (streptococci), clusters (staphylococcus), or tetrads (groups of four)
,Bacillus/Bacilli - CORRECT ANSWER Rod shaped, latin for little staff
Rounded, flat tapered ends (fusiform) and can either be motile or non-motile
Spirillum/Spirilli - CORRECT ANSWER Rigid curved or spiral shaped bacteria, latin for little coil
Vibrio - CORRECT ANSWER Gently curved rods
Spriochetes - CORRECT ANSWER Slender, flexible spirals, greek for coil of long hair
Filamentous Bacteria - CORRECT ANSWER Form long multi-nucleated filamentous hyphae that may
branch to produce mycelium
Pleomorphic - CORRECT ANSWER Misc. category
-Many bacterium are variable in shape and cannot be characterized by a single form. Most of these
bacteria assume general rod shapes (different from bacilli) and can assume squares, star shapes, and
cocci-bacilli
Bacterial Smear - CORRECT ANSWER Emulsion of bacteria, spreading bacteria on glass slide
Smear prepared from liquid (broth) or from an agar plate (requires drops of water). Add DI water when
smearing from a plate to the slide but not when smearing broth!
Should not be too thick or thin
Always vortex liquid media beforehand
Why do we stain bacteria? - CORRECT ANSWER Bacteria have same refractive index as water. These allow
cells and internal structures to become more visible
Heat Fixation - CORRECT ANSWER -Heat fix slide only after preparing a bacterial smear
-Pass slide through Bunsen burner flame using a microscopic slide holder
Pros of Heat Fixation - CORRECT ANSWER Kills the bacteria
Fixes bacteria to the slide, ensures against specimen decay over time
Acidic dyes - CORRECT ANSWER Stains the background
Simple Stain - CORRECT ANSWER Aqueous or alcohol solution of single basic dye
Stains - CORRECT ANSWER Solvent and colored molecule (chromogen + chromophore makes it up)
Chromogen - CORRECT ANSWER Positively charged (forms bond with (-) charged bacterial cell)
Chromophore - CORRECT ANSWER Part of chromogen that gives stain its color
Common Basic Stains - CORRECT ANSWER Methlyene blue, Crystal Violet, Safranin (these are cationic,
stain acidic structures)
Basic Stains - CORRECT ANSWER Apply to heat fixed specimens
Gram Stain - CORRECT ANSWER A differential stain used to detect difference within or between cells;
differentiates G- and G+
Utilizes:
Crystal Violet: primary stain, 1 min
Gram's Iodine: mordant, 1 min
95% Ethanol: decolorizer, quick less than 15 sec
Safranin: counterstain, 1 min
Named after Hans Christian Gram, 1st test performed when identifying unknown bacteria; variability
exists due to bacterial cell wall response to dyes
Gram Positive - CORRECT ANSWER Have thicker peptidoglycan
Will retain primary stain of crystal violet (stain purple) because they have thick PG that traps the dye
among its high degree of teichoic acid crosslinks
Gram Negative - CORRECT ANSWER Have thin peptidoglycan and outer membrane LPS and a higher lipid
content that is targeted by the alcohol/acetone decolorizer and makes the cell's outer layers more
porous; they are unable to retain CV primary stain
LPS of G- bacteria - CORRECT ANSWER Outermost layer of G- cell walls, pyrogenic, causes endotoxic
shock
Composition:
Lipid A- endotoxin, causes fever and shock
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