An Introduction to the History of Psychology, International Edition
These are lecture notes from the first four lectures of the history and theory of psychology module, which will be helpful throughout the term especially when preparing for an exam!
PS1004
History and Theory of Psychology
Coursework
Pick a title – maximum of 1500 words
Due 5pm December 7th
Brief summary, brief opinion about title
Lecture 1
The scientific study of the mind
o Psychology strives to be objective
Formulate hypotheses
Gather relevant data through replicable experiments or naturalistic
observations
Formulate theories and laws about how the mind works
o Theory
Statement about assumed relationships between facts and events
Explanation
Used to predict similar observations
Ex.
Tulving’s (1972) theory of memory
o Formed theory on basis of observations
o Episodic memory vs. semantic memory
James’ (1890) theory of emotions
o How emotions work
o Suggested that emotions always come after physiological
stimulation/arousal
Do you first feel fear than run away, or do you run
away and you get scared?
o Hypothesis
A specific prediction about events
Used in experiments
You create a hypothesis about the outcome of the experiment
o Law
When hypotheses and theories withstand rigorous testing, they may
become laws
There are few laws in psychology
It is an inexact science
Not governed by laws of natures
o Ex. Gravity
There are very few things that can be tested enough to become a law
o Ex.
Theory: the mind represents reality
Hypothesis: people perceive things are actually there
Revised theory: the mind constructs reality
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