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NURA 221 EXAM 3 LATEST UPDATED

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NURA 221 EXAM 3 LATEST UPDATED...

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  • August 23, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
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  • NURA 221
  • NURA 221
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NURA 221 EXAM 3 LATEST UPDATED


Somatic, autonomic

The PNS divides into the ___ nervous system and the ___ nervous system

sympathetic and parasympathetic

What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

Parasympathetic

Rest and digest

sympathetic

Fight or flight

Heart Rate, Chronotropic

blood pressure, vasoconstriction

dilation

shunting, vasoconstriction

mydriasis, dilation, increase

stored energy, glucose, fatty acids

SNS:

increases ___ (+ ___)

increases ___ (___)

bronchial smooth muscle ___

___ of blood (profuse ___)

___ (pupil ___) to __ the field of vision

,mobilization of ___ with increased ___ for the brain and increased ___ for muscle
activity

Heart rate, chronotropic

gastric, motility

emptying

emptying

miosis, contraction, constriction

constriction

PSNS:

decreases ___ (- ___)

increases ___ secretion (___)

increases bladder ____

increases bowel ___

___ (papillary muscle ___ - pupil ___)

bronchial smooth muscle ___

Dual, activation, deactivation

Most organs have ___ innervation with ___ or __

Complementary, complement

Some organs have ___ innervation, where they ___ each other

Single

Few organs have ___ innervation

Epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine

SNS neurotransmitters (catecholamines)

Acetylcholine

,PSNS neurotransmitter

sympathetic nervous system, SNS

Activation of the adrenergic receptors stimulates the ___ and causes ___ effects

Alpha1, alpha2, beta1, beta2, dopaminergic

What are the 5 main adrenergic receptor sites

Alpha1

Located in peripheral blood vessel system

Profuse body-wide vasoconstriction

mydriasis (pupil dilation)

When alpha1 is stimulated, it produces?

Reverse hypotension, homeostasis, improve nasal decongestion, cause mydriasis

What are primary uses for alpha1 stimulants?

Decreased sympathetic outflow

When alpha2 is stimulated it causes?

To cause sedation, relaxation, hypotension, and analgesia

What are primary uses for alpha2 stimulants?

Increased heart rate, increased contraction force: + inotropic

When Beta1 is activated what does it cause?

Cardiac arrest, heart failure (although may worsen), shock, AV block

What are primary uses for Beta1 activation?

Dilation of bronchial smooth muscle, relaxation of uterine muscle, activation of
glycogenolysis

When beta2 is activated, it causes?

Glycogenolysis

, Conversion of glycogen to glucose within the liver

Respiratory arrest, asthma, delay of pre-term labor

What are primary uses for beta2 activation?

Dilation of renal, mesenteric, coronary, and cerebral arteries

Dopaminergic activation causes?

Low blood pressure, low heart rate, cardiac arrest

What are primary uses for dopaminergic activation?

Epinephrine (adrenaline)

Adrenergic medication secreted by the adrenal medulla

Non-selective, alpha1, alpha2 (peripherally), beta1, and beta2

Epinephrine is ___, so it stimulates ___, ___, ___, and __

0.1, beta

Low dosages of epinephrine (___ mg/mL) stimulates mainly ___ receptors

1, alpha-adrenergic

High dosages of epinephrine (__mg/mL) stimulates mainly __ receptors

Improve hypotension, cause mydriasis, cause bronchodilation, local anesthetic
adjunct, anaphylactic shock cardiac arrest

What are main uses of epinephrine (adrenaline)

Blood flow, ears, fingers, nose, penis, toes

Epinephrine reduces ___, so don't give it in __, ___, __, __, or __

Hypertensive crisis, cardiac dysrhythmias, angina pectoris, hyperglycemia

What are SE/AR of epinephrine (adrenaline)

Elevated BP, headache, change in vision, N/V

Hypertensive crisis is characterized by?

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