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BIOD 171 Essential Microbiology Module 5 Lecture Notes 2024 – 2025 Complete Guide Portage Learning $15.49   Add to cart
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BIOD 171 Essential Microbiology Module 5 Lecture Notes 2024 – 2025 Complete Guide Portage Learning
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BIOD 171 Essential Microbiology Module 5 Lecture Notes 2024 – 2025 Complete Guide Portage Learning

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  • August 23, 2024
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BIOD 171 Essential Microbiology
Module 5 Lecture Notes 2024 – 2025
Complete Guide Portage Learning

,Module 5
Contents
5.1 : Bacterial Infections and Pathogen Identification ........................................................................................................................ 2
Introduction to Bacterial Infections ........................................................................................................................................... 2
Assessing Unknown Pathogens in the Laboratory ..................................................................................................................... 2
Vocabulary of Pathogenicity and Virulence ............................................................................................................................... 3
Five Steps of Infection ................................................................................................................................................................ 3
Transmission Precautions........................................................................................................................................................... 6
Standard/Universal precautions ............................................................................................................................................ 6
5.2 : Streptococcus Infections and Lab Assessment ........................................................................................................................ 7
Streptococcus Characteristics: ................................................................................................................................................... 7
Virulence Factors: ...................................................................................................................................................................... 7
Pathogenicity and Diseases:....................................................................................................................................................... 7
Disease Mechanisms: ................................................................................................................................................................. 7
Pathogenicity and Infections:..................................................................................................................................................... 7
5.3 Staphylococcus Infections ........................................................................................................................................................ 8
Introduction to Staphylococcus Infections ................................................................................................................................. 8
Characteristics of Staphylococcus .............................................................................................................................................. 8
Virulence Factors of Staphylococcus Aureus.............................................................................................................................. 8
Types of Staphylococcal Skin Infections ..................................................................................................................................... 8
Staphylococcal Eye Infections .................................................................................................................................................... 9
Treatment of Staphylococcal Infections ..................................................................................................................................... 9
Deffination ........................................................................................................................................................................................10
5.4 Mycobacterial Infections: Tuberculosis and Leprosy ............................................................................................................. 10
Introduction to Mycobacterium ............................................................................................................................................... 10
Unique Characteristics of Mycobacterium ............................................................................................................................... 10
Tuberculosis (TB) ...................................................................................................................................................................... 10
TB Characteristics: ................................................................................................................................................................ 10
TB Virulence and Prevalence................................................................................................................................................ 10
Pathogenesis of TB ............................................................................................................................................................... 11
Leprosy (Hansen's Disease) ...................................................................................................................................................... 11
Leprosy Characteristics: ....................................................................................................................................................... 11
Diagnosis and Treatment ......................................................................................................................................................... 11
5.5 Endospore-Forming Bacteria: Clostridium Species ................................................................................................................ 11
Introduction to Endospore Formation ..................................................................................................................................... 11
Characteristics of Endospores .................................................................................................................................................. 12
Clostridium Species and Associated Diseases .......................................................................................................................... 12
Diseases Caused by Clostridium............................................................................................................................................... 12

, Botulism Treatment and Prevention ........................................................................................................................................ 13
Mechanism of Neurotoxins ...................................................................................................................................................... 13
Applications of Botulinum Toxin .............................................................................................................................................. 13
Characteristics of...................................................................................................................................................................... 13
Botulism ............................................................................................................................................................................... 13
Tetanus: ............................................................................................................................................................................... 13
Gas Gangrene ....................................................................................................................................................................... 13
Severe Diarrhea.................................................................................................................................................................... 13
5.6 Miscellaneous Bacterial Infections: Legionnaires' Disease, Plague, and Anthrax .................................................................. 13
Legionnaires' Disease ............................................................................................................................................................... 13
Plague (Black Death) ................................................................................................................................................................ 14
Anthrax .................................................................................................................................................................................... 14
5.7 Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs): Gonorrhea, Chlamydia, and Syphilis ......................................................................... 14
Introduction to STIs .................................................................................................................................................................. 14
Gonorrhea ................................................................................................................................................................................ 14
Chlamydia ................................................................................................................................................................................ 15
Syphilis ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 15




5.1 : BACTERIAL INFECTIONS AND PATHOGEN
IDENTIFICATION
INTRODUCTION TO BACTERIAL INFECTIONS
• Bacteria interact with the human body in complex ways; we have 10 times more bacterial cells than human
eukaryotic cells.
• Normal flora helps control and combat pathogens.

ASSESSING UNKNOWN PATHOGENS IN THE LABORATORY
• Universal Precautions: used for all unknown samples.
o Treat all samples as potentially hazardous/pathogenic
o Use appropriate PPE at all times
IDENTIFICATION PROCESS INVOLVES MICROSCOPY, STAINING, CHEMICAL REACTIONS, AND PLATING ON SELECTIVE/DIFFERENTIAL MEDIA.
• Initial Observations:
o Note the morphological characteristics (size, shape)
o Observe motility under a microscope
▪ Capture or draw images of observations
• Differential Testing:
o Gram-stain status: Determine Gram status (positive/negative).
o Identify chemical reactions like gas production or fermentation.
o Plating observations on selective or di昀昀erential plate.
o Notice color changes in the organism or media (e.g., Staph aureus on MSA agar).
• Documentation:
o Proper documentation is crucial for identification and treatment selection.

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