FRST 303 Final UPDATED Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Hypodermis - CORRECT ANSWER- layer of thick-walled cells underneath the epidermis in
leaves (needles) of gymnosperms to reduce water loss
Fascicle - CORRECT ANSWER- bundle of pine needles (different number of needles per
bundle to characterize different species)
Bud Scale - CORRECT ANSWER- leaves that resemble scales that form the sheath of a plant
bud to prevent desiccation as well as insulate bud from rapid temperature changes
Adventitious bud - CORRECT ANSWER- bud that develops in an unusual place that is not
the shoot tip or leaf axil forming from deep or peripheral tissue of the root or stem to replace
lost tissues or branches from wounding
Abscisic acid (ABA) - CORRECT ANSWER- a plant hormone that inhibits growth produced
by leaves when days get short enough and transported to the apical meristem to stop growth,
induce leaves to fall off and initiate bud formation
heat sum - CORRECT ANSWER- cumulative amount of heat that buds are exposed to after
dormancy period for them to flush
expressed in degree-days
heat sum = # days x (particular temp - threshold temp)
decurrent branching - CORRECT ANSWER- lateral branches that occur at narrow or low
angles with first order shoot resulting in broad round crown in most angiosperm trees
cuticle - CORRECT ANSWER- protective hydrophobic waxy surface covering on epidermis
on leaves of angiosperm leaves and needle of gymnosperms of internal shoot to slow water
loss
, evapotranspiration - CORRECT ANSWER- total water loss from evaporation and plant
transpiration from land and ocean surface to atmosphere
hydrogen bonding - CORRECT ANSWER- water bonding of hydrogen atom from one water
molecule to oxygen atom of another water molecule to give water high tensile strength and
surface tension
comparatively weak electromagnetic bonding
light compensation point - CORRECT ANSWER- the light intensity required for sugar
production by photosynthesis to balance sugar use by aerobic respiration
biotic - CORRECT ANSWER- living environmental factors that affects other organisms and
shapes the ecosystem
silviculture - CORRECT ANSWER- the manipulation of forest ecosystems to attain
management goals (vary with nature of forest and needs of society)
shelterwood system - CORRECT ANSWER- Type of silviculture system in which small
numbers of mature trees are left in place to provide seed, shelter and protection for
seedlings/developing trees as they grow to make regeneration fairly certain
coppice system - CORRECT ANSWER- Type of silviculture system in which trees grow
rapidly and regenerate by sprouting from cut stumps and stools that can be readily harvest
every couple years. It is limited to hardwood species management.
cutting stem near ground and growth of multiple stems from the stool
epigeous germination - CORRECT ANSWER- germination of plant that takes place above
the ground and cotyledon gets pushed up into air to become photosynthetic
hypogeous germination - CORRECT ANSWER- germination of plant that takes place below
ground and cotyledon stays within the seed coat at or below ground used as food reserve
while the young stem elongates and carries the first true leaves up into air and light
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Hypodermis - CORRECT ANSWER- layer of thick-walled cells underneath the epidermis in
leaves (needles) of gymnosperms to reduce water loss
Fascicle - CORRECT ANSWER- bundle of pine needles (different number of needles per
bundle to characterize different species)
Bud Scale - CORRECT ANSWER- leaves that resemble scales that form the sheath of a plant
bud to prevent desiccation as well as insulate bud from rapid temperature changes
Adventitious bud - CORRECT ANSWER- bud that develops in an unusual place that is not
the shoot tip or leaf axil forming from deep or peripheral tissue of the root or stem to replace
lost tissues or branches from wounding
Abscisic acid (ABA) - CORRECT ANSWER- a plant hormone that inhibits growth produced
by leaves when days get short enough and transported to the apical meristem to stop growth,
induce leaves to fall off and initiate bud formation
heat sum - CORRECT ANSWER- cumulative amount of heat that buds are exposed to after
dormancy period for them to flush
expressed in degree-days
heat sum = # days x (particular temp - threshold temp)
decurrent branching - CORRECT ANSWER- lateral branches that occur at narrow or low
angles with first order shoot resulting in broad round crown in most angiosperm trees
cuticle - CORRECT ANSWER- protective hydrophobic waxy surface covering on epidermis
on leaves of angiosperm leaves and needle of gymnosperms of internal shoot to slow water
loss
, evapotranspiration - CORRECT ANSWER- total water loss from evaporation and plant
transpiration from land and ocean surface to atmosphere
hydrogen bonding - CORRECT ANSWER- water bonding of hydrogen atom from one water
molecule to oxygen atom of another water molecule to give water high tensile strength and
surface tension
comparatively weak electromagnetic bonding
light compensation point - CORRECT ANSWER- the light intensity required for sugar
production by photosynthesis to balance sugar use by aerobic respiration
biotic - CORRECT ANSWER- living environmental factors that affects other organisms and
shapes the ecosystem
silviculture - CORRECT ANSWER- the manipulation of forest ecosystems to attain
management goals (vary with nature of forest and needs of society)
shelterwood system - CORRECT ANSWER- Type of silviculture system in which small
numbers of mature trees are left in place to provide seed, shelter and protection for
seedlings/developing trees as they grow to make regeneration fairly certain
coppice system - CORRECT ANSWER- Type of silviculture system in which trees grow
rapidly and regenerate by sprouting from cut stumps and stools that can be readily harvest
every couple years. It is limited to hardwood species management.
cutting stem near ground and growth of multiple stems from the stool
epigeous germination - CORRECT ANSWER- germination of plant that takes place above
the ground and cotyledon gets pushed up into air to become photosynthetic
hypogeous germination - CORRECT ANSWER- germination of plant that takes place below
ground and cotyledon stays within the seed coat at or below ground used as food reserve
while the young stem elongates and carries the first true leaves up into air and light
