Myers Psychology for AP_ Memory exam with complete solutions
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Myers
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Myers
memory
The persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information.
encoding
The processing of information into the memory system—for example, by extracting meaning.
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Myers Psychology for AP: Memory exam
with complete solutions
memory - ANSWER-The persistence of learning over time through the storage and
retrieval of information.
encoding - ANSWER-The processing of information into the memory system—for
example, by extracting meaning.
storage - ANSWER-The retention of encoded information over time.
retrieval - ANSWER-The process of getting information out of memory storage.
sensory memory - ANSWER-The immediate, very brief recording of sensory information
in the memory system.
short-term memory - ANSWER-Activated memory that holds a few items briefly, such as
the seven digits of a phone number while dialing, before the information is stored or
forgotten.
long-term memory - ANSWER-The relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the
memory system. Includes knowledge, skills, and experiences.
working memory - ANSWER-A newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses
on conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information, and
of information retrieved from long-term memory.
parallel processing - ANSWER-The processing of many aspects of a problem
simultaneously; the brain's natural mode of information processing for many functions,
including vision. Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers
and of conscious problem solving.
automatic processing - ANSWER-Unconscious encoding of incidental information, such
as space, time, and frequency, and of well-learned information, such as word meanings.
, effortful processing - ANSWER-Encoding that requires attention and conscious effort.
rehearsal - ANSWER-The conscious repetition of information, either to maintain it in
consciousness or to encode it for storage.
spacing effect - ANSWER-The tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better
long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice.
serial position effect - ANSWER-Our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a
list.
mnemonics - ANSWER-Memory aids, especially those techniques that use vivid
imagery and organizational devices.
chunking - ANSWER-Organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs
automatically.
iconic memory - ANSWER-A momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a
photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second.
echoic memory - ANSWER-A momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; if
attention is elsewhere, sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds.
long-term potentiation (LTP) - ANSWER-An increase in a synapse's firing potential after
brief, rapid stimulation. Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory.
flashbulb memory - ANSWER-A clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or
event.
amnesia - ANSWER-The loss of memory.
implicit memory - ANSWER-Retention independent of conscious recollection. (Also
called nondeclarative or procedural memory.)
explicit memory - ANSWER-Memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously
know and "declare." (Also called declarative memory.)
hippocampus - ANSWER-A neural center that is located in the limbic system; helps
process explicit memories for storage.
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