Myers Psychology for AP_ Memory exam with complete solutions
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Course
Myers
Institution
Myers
memory
The persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information.
encoding
The processing of information into the memory system—for example, by extracting meaning.
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Myers Psychology for AP: Memory exam
with complete solutions
memory - ANSWER-The persistence of learning over time through the storage and
retrieval of information.
encoding - ANSWER-The processing of information into the memory system—for
example, by extracting meaning.
storage - ANSWER-The retention of encoded information over time.
retrieval - ANSWER-The process of getting information out of memory storage.
sensory memory - ANSWER-The immediate, very brief recording of sensory information
in the memory system.
short-term memory - ANSWER-Activated memory that holds a few items briefly, such as
the seven digits of a phone number while dialing, before the information is stored or
forgotten.
long-term memory - ANSWER-The relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the
memory system. Includes knowledge, skills, and experiences.
working memory - ANSWER-A newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses
on conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information, and
of information retrieved from long-term memory.
parallel processing - ANSWER-The processing of many aspects of a problem
simultaneously; the brain's natural mode of information processing for many functions,
including vision. Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers
and of conscious problem solving.
automatic processing - ANSWER-Unconscious encoding of incidental information, such
as space, time, and frequency, and of well-learned information, such as word meanings.
, effortful processing - ANSWER-Encoding that requires attention and conscious effort.
rehearsal - ANSWER-The conscious repetition of information, either to maintain it in
consciousness or to encode it for storage.
spacing effect - ANSWER-The tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better
long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice.
serial position effect - ANSWER-Our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a
list.
mnemonics - ANSWER-Memory aids, especially those techniques that use vivid
imagery and organizational devices.
chunking - ANSWER-Organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs
automatically.
iconic memory - ANSWER-A momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a
photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second.
echoic memory - ANSWER-A momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; if
attention is elsewhere, sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds.
long-term potentiation (LTP) - ANSWER-An increase in a synapse's firing potential after
brief, rapid stimulation. Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory.
flashbulb memory - ANSWER-A clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or
event.
amnesia - ANSWER-The loss of memory.
implicit memory - ANSWER-Retention independent of conscious recollection. (Also
called nondeclarative or procedural memory.)
explicit memory - ANSWER-Memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously
know and "declare." (Also called declarative memory.)
hippocampus - ANSWER-A neural center that is located in the limbic system; helps
process explicit memories for storage.
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