A2 Unit F214 - Communication, Homeostasis and Energy
Summary
Summary OCR A Level Biology A* Excretion Detailed Notes
18 views 0 purchase
Course
A2 Unit F214 - Communication, Homeostasis and Energy
Institution
OCR
These A-Level Biology notes are designed for students aiming for top grades and a future in medicine. They are both aesthetic and detailed, offering comprehensive coverage of the syllabus while being visually engaging.
Comprehensive Coverage: Every topic is fully covered, directly aligned with t...
A2 Unit F214 - Communication, Homeostasis and Energy
All documents for this subject (31)
Seller
Follow
alevelrevisionresources
Content preview
5 2 I importance ofExivetion removaloftoxicmetabolic wasteinexcessrequirement
rom thebody heyto homeostasis maintainingmetabolism accumulation is dangerous
metabolicwasteisproduced in large quantity as mammals are active warmblooded with
i pigments notexerted anumular
nalger's S's p
smbitiiycfi.at 9f mesbile
s 2.2 Mammalian Liverstructure
ternal liverrequiresconstant blood supply oxygenatedbloodfrom
cart via hepatic artery and deoxygenatedbloodfromdigestive
assem via hepaticportalvein livercan absorb metabolite nutrients
momsmall intestine deoxygenated bloodleavesvia hepaticvein
direct connection togallbladder wherebilesalts helpdigesttab
branches
of hepaticarteryand hepatic portalvein bloodcarried in widecapillaries sinusoids win incomplete
endothelial cell lining thatallows substances exchange between bloodand hepatocytes adaptationoflargesur
area incontactwithblood to maximise exchange eachlobuledrained via branchofhepaticvein
s 2.3 Mammalian Liver Function I storageof Glycogen 2 Formation urea 3 Detoxification
of Wisteria
Glycogen storage grylogenesis conversion glucose glycogento regulateblood awiore concentration
by hormone insulin atter increasedconc detected remove gworemom bloodstream returnsto normalrange
urea formation protein digested aminoacids absorbed intoblood liver excessdeaminated so restof
molecule can beused as energysource 1 Aminegroup NHIremoved winextra Harm
2 combine toform ammonia Nhs room ammoniumions in cytoplasm Naut remainingnero
acidmayenter Krebs wae to beconvertedto glucose glycogen orrat forstorage 3 ammonia
is highly soluble produces toxic substances converted to urea lesssoluble less toxic by
combining NH co in the orthinine urea cycle in urea distures through phospholipid bilayer ofh epatocyte
a
Eatin Ia sustain
b
a war it ira i'an
lactate
metabolism lactateis a productofanaerobic alcohol metabolism alcohol consumed stored
espiration but is energy rich and ran be respiredbycardiac stomach transported in blood absorbed byheparous
muscle excessis thenabsorbed metabolisedby hepatocytes ethanol is prettered no rat as energysource ene
lactateconvertedto pyruvate inliver 2 someis respired alcoholdehydrogenaseconversis emanolto emanal over
erobically providesenergy for a rest converted into molecules mat enterrespiration generateslots of ATP
usose 4 someglucosestored as glycogen reit stays hepatocytes don't merabolite asmuch fat storeit ca
n blood to maintain mood glucose concentration tattylivercondition ANDexcessrat prevents hepatocytetuna
c hormone metabolism proteinhormones insulin cirrhosis I seriousproblems
glucagon andpeptide hormones ADH hydrolysed into amino acids menurea
5 2 5 mammalian kidney structure 2 kidneyseach responsiblefor 2 functions 1 Exirerion2 Osmoregulan
renalartery carriesoxygenated blood cont urea salts to kidneys nomheart
renalvein carries deoxygenated blood no urea salts away fromkidneys tohear
uretercarries urine from kidney to bladder 4 Bloodvessels
sporesurinetemporarily urethrareleases in eachBowman's
cortex contains glomerulus
iii iii iii
Bowman capsule
a
suppliedwith
c
blood
it in i
2 Selective reabsorption in
iima i
proximalconvolutedtubule
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller alevelrevisionresources. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $10.63. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.