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DHN 101-201: Notes for Exam with correct answers 2024
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overweight correct answers having extra weight from bone, muscle, body fat, and or body water obesity correct answers condition characterized by excessive and unhealthy amounts of body fat There are many serious chronic health conditions associated with having excess body fat. correct answ...

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  • August 24, 2024
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  • dhn 101 201 notes for exam 4

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DHN 101-201: Notes for Exam 4

overweight correct answers having extra weight from bone, muscle, body fat, and or
body water

obesity correct answers condition characterized by excessive and unhealthy amounts
of body fat

There are many serious chronic health conditions associated with having excess body
fat. correct answers Obesity increases the risk of type 2 diabetes, coronary artery
disease, stroke and certain cancers. Many individuals who are obese are insulin
resistant and many have pre-diabetes. Therefore, these people are more susceptible to
complications related to hyperinsulinemia, including hypertension, all vascular diseases,
gestational and type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
(NAFLD), certain cancers, and dementia

polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) correct answers hormonal disorder in females
that can lead to infertility

The most costly conditions associated with obesity include correct answers arthritis,
coronary artery disease, and type 2 diabetes. About half of the costs of treating these
conditions are incurred by individuals who are 65 years of age and older and have
health insurance covered by tax-supported programs such as Medicare

Body mass index (BMI) correct answers health screening tool that takes into account a
person's height and weight but not body composition

normal weight obesity (NWO) correct answers normal body weight as measured by
BMI but elevated percent body fat

body composition correct answers measurement of body tissue, usually expressed as
percent body fat

adipose tissue correct answers specialized connective tissue comprised of fat cells that
function in fat storage

Total body fat correct answers adipose tissue and essential fat

essential fat correct answers fat that is vital for survival; found in cell membranes,
certain bones, and nervous tissue

Monitoring body composition is import because correct answers it is a component of
physical fitness and can indicate risk for certain health conditions

,two-component model correct answers methods of measuring body composition that
divides the body into two compartments: fat mass and fat-free mass

subcutaneous fat correct answers deposits of adipose cells in the tissue under skin

visceral fat correct answers deposits of adipose tissue that surround abdominal organs

Underwater weighing correct answers technique of estimating body composition based
on differences in density between fat mass and lean mass compared to water

air displacement correct answers method of estimating body composition by
determining body volume

dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) test correct answers technique of estimating
body composition that involves scanning the body with two low-energy x-rays

Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) correct answers technique of estimating body
composition in which a device measures the conduction of a weak electrical current
through body water

skinfold thickness measurements correct answers technique of estimating body
composition in which calipers are used to measure the width of skinfolds at multiple
body sites

central-body obesity correct answers storage of excess body fat in the upper body or
abdominal region, leading to an "apple" shape

energy intake correct answers calories from foods and beverages that contain
macronutrients and alcohol

energy output correct answers calories cells use to carry out their activities

total energy expenditure correct answers amount of energy needed for all bodily
functions throughout the day

basal metabolic rate (BMR) correct answers measurement of basal metabolism

resting metabolic rate (RMR) correct answers body's rate of energy use after resting
and eating

the loss of muscle tissue correct answers sarcopenia

Harris-Benedict equation correct answers formula commonly used to estimate BMR

, Miffin- St. Jeer equation correct answers method of predicting basal caloric needs of
individuals who have excess body fat

Nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) correct answers energy expended during
spontaneous, unplanned physical activity such as fidgeting

thermic effect of food (TEF) correct answers energy used digest foods and beverages
as well as absorb and further process the nutrients

direct calorimetry correct answers measure of the amount of heat produced by a
person inside a specialized chamber

indirect calorimetry correct answers determination of the amount of heat someone
produces by measuring the amount of oxygen consumed and the amount of carbon
dioxide produced

Accelerometry correct answers method of measuring calorie expenditure during
physical activity based on changes in speed and direction

energy balance correct answers body state in which energy intake and output are equal

Positive energy balance correct answers body state in which energy intake is greater
than energy output

negative energy balance correct answers body state in which energy intake is less than
energy output

Weight loss in the form of reduced fat is correct answers much more complex than
simply achieving negative energy balance

genetic risk score correct answers cumulative genetic score that provides impact of all
the various obesity genes

adipokines correct answers hormones and the cell signaling proteins secreted by
adipose tissue

adiponectin correct answers hormone produced by adipose tissue that increases the
use of fatty acids for energy by muscle cells

hunger correct answers physiological sensation of discomfort or weakness that drives a
person to consume food

satiety correct answers sense that enough food or beverages have been consumed to
satisfy hunger

appetite correct answers desire to eat appealing food

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