NURS 676 WEEK 1 NOTES – DOWNLOAD
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Pharmacology is the study of how drugs interact with living organisms to
produce a therapeutic effect. The goal of pharmacology is to develop safe
and effective drugs to treat diseases and improve patient outcomes.
Pharmacology involves the study of drug action, drug absorption,
distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME), as well as drug interactions,
toxicity, and side effects.
Here are some key concepts in pharmacology:
Pharmacodynamics: This is the study of how drugs interact with their target
receptors to produce a therapeutic effect. It involves understanding the
mechanism of action of drugs, the dose-response relationship, and how drug
efficacy and potency are measured.
Pharmacokinetics: This is the study of how drugs are absorbed, distributed,
metabolized, and eliminated by the body. It involves understanding the
factors that affect drug absorption, such as route of administration,
bioavailability, and drug solubility, as well as the factors that affect drug
distribution, metabolism, and elimination, such as drug-drug interactions,
liver function, and renal function.
Drug interactions: This is the study of how drugs interact with other drugs,
food, or supplements to alter drug efficacy or toxicity. It involves
understanding the mechanisms of drug interactions, such as enzyme
inhibition or induction, as well as the clinical significance of drug interactions,
such as increased or decreased drug efficacy, toxicity, or side effects.
Toxicology: This is the study of how drugs can cause adverse effects or
toxicity in the body. It involves understanding the mechanisms of drug
toxicity, such as direct toxicity, immune-mediated toxicity, or idiosyncratic
reactions, as well as the factors that influence drug toxicity, such as dose,
route of administration, and patient age or health status.
Therapeutics: This is the study of how drugs are used to treat diseases and
improve patient outcomes. It involves understanding the principles of drug
selection, drug dosing, and drug monitoring, as well as the importance of
patient education and adherence to drug therapy.
Some important considerations in pharmacology include:
Drug-drug interactions: Certain drugs can interact with each other, leading to
altered drug efficacy, toxicity, or side effects. It is important to be aware of
potential drug interactions when prescribing or dispensing medications.
Adverse drug reactions: Some patients may experience adverse reactions to
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, drugs, which can range from mild to severe. It is important to monitor
patients for signs of adverse drug reactions and to educate patients on how
to recognize and report adverse effects.
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