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ODP exam 4 with complete solutions
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ODP exam 4 with complete solutions
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ODP exam 4 with complete solutions_________ of the US population views mouth odor as a serious concern - Answer -20
percent
-about 5% of population are actual severe cases
It is estimated that halitosis (bad mouth odor) affects approximately - Answer -half of the
north american population
-Currently appearance of "Fresh Breath Clinics" and "Breath Clinics" is changing its
view by public
-Current treatment is mostly based on anecdotal findings due to US FDA considering
this as a "cosmetic problem". Microbial causation is still poorly understood - Answer -
halitosis
Halitosis should be managed by - Answer -the dental profession since it is usually the
result of oral causes
What classifies halitosis? - Answer -temporary:
-food or drink
intraoral:
-within the oral cavity, including tongue coating and pathologic conditions, such as
gingivitis, periodontitis, ulcers, and dental caries
extraoral:
-bloodborne and non-bloodborne
pseudo or halitophobia:
no confirmation
Used to describe those cases where the source of the problem can be found within the
oral cavity, including tongue coating and pathologic conditions, such as gingivitis,
periodontitis, ulcers, and dental caries - Answer -intraoral breath malodor
Subdivided into bloodborne and nonbloodborne. The terms pseudhalitosis and
halitophobia describe conditions in which patients believe they have breath malodor, but
,no such condition can be confirmed following clinical assessment - Answer -extraoral
breath malodor
The condition of temporary breath malodor is generally associated with: - Answer -
consuming various types of food or drink or tobacco use
___________ of all cases of halitosis is of oral origin, mainly the tongue, due to bacteria
which are the primary source of foul-smelling volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) -
Answer -80-90%
________ from the nasal passages (nose, sinuses, ear), 3-5% from the tonsils - Answer
-5-10%
What are produced by gram-negative anaerobic bacteria that live on the lingual dorsum.
They thrive on the tongue because food debris accumulates rapidly on the tongue's
large surface area and papillae and is not removed often - Answer -VSCs
Oral malodor is created primarily on the: - Answer -tongue
-the bacteria that produce these VSCs can be found by evaluating biofilm and scraped
specimens from the lingual dorsum, gingival pockets, and tonsillar crypts.
-tongue coating is usually bacterial in most patients
What breakdown proteins into individual amino acids, followed by the further breakdown
of certain amino acids to produce detectable foul gases? - Answer -anaerobic bacteria
The smell we associate with corpses - Answer -cadaverine
The compound responsible for much of the foul odor produce by decaying meat -
Answer -putrescine
The characteristic smell of human fecal matter - Answer -skatole
The smell of sweaty feet - Answer -isovaleric acid
What are the components of VSCs? - Answer --cadaverine
-putrescine
-skatole
-isovaleric acid
Bacterial putrefaction - Answer --proteins are broken down into amino acids that
produce foul smelling gases
Three species commonly associated with periodontal disease produce VSCs: - Answer
--treponema denticola
, -porphyromonas gingivalis
- bacteroides forsythus
Increased VSC production was found in the - Answer -periodontal pockets
Periodontal diseases seem to be closely related to - Answer -halitosis
Asking this question can cause the patient to internalize the need for better oral hygiene
- Answer -do you feel you have bad breath?
-transient or non pathologic
-chronic or pathological
is bad breath your chief complaint?
Non-oral causes of halitosis - Answer --pulmonary/respiratory disease
-metabolic disorders
-sinusitis
-tonsillitis
-pharyngitis
-G.I. odors
-psychological
What results in fish malodor syndrome? - Answer -trimethylaminuria
-a disorder in which the body is unable to break down trimethylamine, a chemical
compound that has a pungent odor. Trimethylamine has been described as smelling like
rotting fish, rotting eggs, garbage, or urine. As this compound builds up in the body, it
causes affected people to give off a strong odor in their sweat, urine, and breath. The
intensity of the odor may vary over time. The odor can interfere with many aspects of
daily life, affecting a person's relationships, social life, and career. Some people with
trimethylaminuria experience depression and social isolation as a result of this condition
________ from diabetes or weight loss can result in acetone breath - Answer -ketosis
Some patients assume that bad taste is related to - Answer -bad breath
-taste disorders may have other causes and may alter the perception of smell
Causes of bad taste: - Answer --oral infections
-periodontal disease
-candidiasis
-dental appliances
-poor oral hygiene
Reasons for dysgeusia (altered taste) or dysomia (altered smell): - Answer --sinusitis,
lesions of nasal cavity
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