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The Human Body in Health and Illness 6th Edition By Barbara Herlihy 9780323498449 Chapter 1-27 Complete Guide .
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Test Bank For The Human Body in Health and Illness 6th
Edition By Barbara Herlihy 9780323498449 Chapter 1-27
Complete Guide .
Aorta - ANSWER: Largest artery in the body
Arteries - ANSWER: Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart
Arterioles - ANSWER: smallest arteries
capacitance vessels - ANSWER: the term for veins because they have the ability to stretch. they have a
large diameter and are more distensible to hold more blood. this reduces stress on the heart.
Capillaries - ANSWER: Microscopic vessel through which exchanges take place between the blood and
cells of the body
Circle of Willis - ANSWER: A circle of arteries at the base of the brain that supply blood to the brain
conductance vessels - ANSWER: Blood vessels that are primarily concerned with carrying blood to
smaller blood vessels; functional name for arteries.
ductus arteriosus - ANSWER: a blood vessel in a fetus that bypasses pulmonary circulation by
connecting the pulmonary artery directly to the ascending aorta
ductus venosus - ANSWER: connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava, bypassing the liver
Capillaries are also known as _____. - ANSWER: exchange vessels
fetal circulation - ANSWER: the system of blood vessels and structures through which blood moves in
a fetus
foramen ovale - ANSWER: connects the two atria in the fetal heart
hepatic portal system - ANSWER: the veins that carry blood from the digestive organs to the liver
pulmonary circulation - ANSWER: flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart
pulse - ANSWER: Beat of the heart as felt through the walls of the arteries.
Resistance vessels (arterioles) - ANSWER: small diameter with a few layers of smooth muscle;
contraction or relaxation of that muscle creates great changes in diameter, and thus great changes in
resistance to blood flow
systemic circulation - ANSWER: circulation that supplies blood to all the body except to the lungs
umbilical arteries - ANSWER: carry deoxygenated blood from the fetus to the placenta
umbilical vein - ANSWER: delivers oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus
Veins - ANSWER: Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart
venae cavae (vena cava) - ANSWER: two large blood vessels that drain oxygen-poor blood from the
veins into the right side of the heart
, Venules - ANSWER: small vessels that gather blood from the capillaries into the veins
tunica intima - ANSWER: the innermost layer of a blood vessel
tunica media - ANSWER: The middle and thickest layer of tissue of a blood vessel wall, composed of
elastic tissue and smooth muscle cells that allow the vessel to expand or contract in response to
changes in blood pressure and tissue demand.
tunica adventitia - ANSWER: The outer layer of tissue of a blood vessel wall, composed of elastic and
fibrous connective tissue.
skeletal muscle pump - ANSWER: pumping effect of contracting skeletal muscles on blood flow
through underlying vessels
superficial veins - ANSWER: superficially located veins
cephalic vein - ANSWER: Large vein on the outermost side of the upper arm
basilic vein - ANSWER: large vein on the inner side of the upper arm
axillary vein - ANSWER: vein in the armpit
jugular veins - ANSWER: drain blood from the head and drain into the subclavian veins.
azygos vein - ANSWER: a single vein that drains the thorax and empties directly into the SVC.
Subclavian steal syndrome - ANSWER: A person develops an occlusion in the subclavian artery
proximal to the origin of the vertebral artery. When the affected arm is exercised, the subclavian
artery is unable to supply enough blood. Blood pressure in the exercising shoulder and arm decreases,
causing a retrograde (backward) flow of blood from the vertebral artery to the subclavian artery. The
subclavian artery robs the posterior brain of blood, causing neurological symptoms such as impaired
vision, dizziness, and syncope (fainting).
hepatic sinusoids - ANSWER: Blood-filled channels that fill spaces between the plates
Kupffer cells - ANSWER: these cells remove bacteria from portal blood before the blood leaves the
liver and enters the general circulation.
umbilicus - ANSWER: belly button
baroreceptor reflex - ANSWER: The primary reflex pathway for homeostatic control of blood pressure
blood pressure (BP) - ANSWER: measurement of pressure exerted by blood against walls of blood
vessel
capillary exchange - ANSWER: movement of substances between blood and interstitial fluid
diastolic pressure (DP) - ANSWER: pressure in an artery while the heart is relaxing
hypertension (HTN) - ANSWER: persistently high blood pressure
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