CADC exam prep Ch 2 (Addiction
Counselor's Desk Reference); Q’s & A’s
Moral Model (Definition of Addiction) - Dates to the 1850's.
- Defines an addicted client as weak in character. Think "moral failure".
- Based on the idea that individuals have free choice and are responsible for
their ...
CADC exam prep Ch 2 (Addiction
Counselor's Desk Reference); Q’s & A’s
Moral Model (Definition of Addiction) ✔✔- Dates to the 1850's.
- Defines an addicted client as weak in character. Think "moral failure".
- Based on the idea that individuals have free choice and are responsible for
their behaviors. Think
"morals that are aligned with God" and this approach has influenced public
policy and the
American judicial system.
Self-medication Model (Definition of Addiction) ✔✔- Originated in the 1960's
among
psychoanalysts.
- Assumes that people self-medicate to cope with life problems. A person in
emotional pain will
self-medicate to find relief which may eventually lead to addiction.
-Self-medication hypothesis should be considered parallel with other
approaches and not in
competition with them.
, CADC exam prep Ch 2 (Addiction
Counselor's Desk Reference); Q’s & A’s
Medical/Disease Model (Definition of Addiction) ✔✔- First proposed in 1810 by
Dr. Benjamin
Rush
- Addiction identified as a disease rather than a mental disorder or moral failure.
- Disease is identified as a severely harmful, potentially fatal condition that
manifests itself in an
irreversible loss of control over use of psychoactive substances. Disease may go
into remission,
no known "cure", since the disease is progressive and often fatal, complete
abstinence is the
treatment goal. Think "addiction is a disease of the brain".
- American Medical Association formally accepted this definition of addiction in
1945.
- Disease model accepted by World Health Organization (WHO), American
Psychiatric
, CADC exam prep Ch 2 (Addiction
Counselor's Desk Reference); Q’s & A’s
Association (APA), American Society for Addiction Medicine (ASAM), National
Association of
Social Workers (NASC), & American Public Health (APH).
Spirituality Model (Definition of Addiction) ✔✔- Assumes that addictive disorder
stem from a
lack of spirituality, that is, being disconnected from a "Higher Power" ("the
source of light, truth,
love, and wellness").
- AA, NA, etc derive some of their beliefs from this model and help members
recover by
developing a viable relationship with their "Higher Power".
Impulse-Control Disorder (Definition of Addiction) ✔✔- relatively new
definition.
- Assumes that either neurobiological or genetic deficiencies make a person
unable to control and
regulate impulsive behavior(s).
, CADC exam prep Ch 2 (Addiction
Counselor's Desk Reference); Q’s & A’s
- Under certain conditions, such individuals will put themselves at risk and find
temporary relief
with self-destructive behaviors such as kleptomania, pyromania, and/or drug
abuse.
Reward Deficiency and Neuro-physiological Adaption (Definition of Addiction)
✔✔- Assumes
that chemical imbalance is manifested as one or more behavioral disorders
called the "reward
deficiency syndrome".
- This disorder is linked by a common biological substrate, a "hard-wired system
in the brain
(consisting of cells and signaling molecules) that provides pleasure in the
process of rewarding
certain behaviors."
- Supporters suggest that this reward deficiency syndrome may cause a
predisposition, or
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