cardiomegaly Correct Answers increase in size of cells over
time due to cells "working harder" to compensate for less
oxygen
- hypertrophy can be effective compensatory mechanism to a
point
- if ischemic stressors and oxygen delivery cannot keep up,
decompensatory processes may occur such as heart failure
Causes of RHF Correct Answers - ischemia
- MI
- a pathologically increased PVR
,classic angina Correct Answers - tightness, heaviness,
sometimes burning, indigestion-like, or clenched fist over
sternum
- intensity varies on level of ischemia
- usually lasts 3-5 minutes and may resolve on its own or may
require Nitroglycerin
- exacerbated by exercise and lessened with rest
classifications of CAD Correct Answers 1. asymptomatic
2. symptomatic (stable angina or acute coronary syndrome
(ACS))
Cor pulmonale Correct Answers When RHF is caused by a
pulmonary vascular resistance problem (RHF from chronic
bronchitis)
Diagnosis of HF Correct Answers blood test that measures
BNP
diastole Correct Answers when the RV and LV are receiving
blood from the RA and LA (the resting period)
Elevated serum BNP Correct Answers - patient is in RHF or
LHF or both and his circulating blood volume is increasing
(preload)
- heart notices a larger than normal volume and ANP and BNP
are secreted by the right atrium and left ventricle
- kidneys do not respond appropriately due to the mixup with
RAAS triggers
, How can chronic bronchitis cause RHF? Correct Answers The
lungs are so full of mucus and congestion creating high amounts
of pressure in the pulmonary vessels
Increased pressure makes it more difficult for the RV to pump
blood into the pulmonary arteries and caused retrograde flow
how deadly is Afib? Correct Answers people can often live
with "stable" Afib as long as they are on medications that
prevent thrombi and that keep the heart rate from being too fast
how does the heart compensate for chronic CAD? Correct
Answers - angiogenesis (development of collateral circulation
around blockage)
- hypertrophy -> cardiomegaly
how does the RAAS affect HF? Correct Answers As CO
diminishes, the RAAS kicks in to try to compensate for what it
perceives as a low blood volume problem
The increased preload and afterload makes the struggling heart
work even harder
HR and rhythm changes affecting CO Correct Answers 1.
tachycardia
2. bradycardia
3. dysrhythmia/arrhythmia
LHF starts with a ____ problem and becomes a ___ problem
Correct Answers Heart, lung
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