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SBOLC Security Fundamentals Questions and Answers 2024
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SBOLC Security Fundamentals Questions and Answers 2024
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SBOLC Security FundamentalsQuestions and Answers 2024
AAA Security Model (AAA Triad Model) - ANSWER--Authentication: Proof that the
subject/source is as they claim to be
-Authorization: Specifying which actions the subject is allowed to perform
-Accounting: Monitoring, tracking, reviewing, or assessing the actions of a subject
identification
ACE - ANSWER-Access Control Entry
-A single entry in an ACL
Advantages of Qualitative Risk Assessment - ANSWER--Impact is easily understood
-Can provide rich information beyond financial impacts, such as impact on perceived
safety, health, or reputation
Advantages to Quantitative Risk Assessment - ANSWER--Supports cost-benefit
analysis of risk response options
-Allows computation of necessary capital to achieve a business goal
Annualized Loss Expectancy (ALE) - ANSWER-ALE = SLE x Annual Rate of
Occurrence (ARO)
Anomaly-Based Detection - ANSWER--Must learn which activities are normal and
acceptable
-Compares event to a baseline of normalcy
APIPA - ANSWER-Automatic Private Internet Protocol Addressing
-When an Operating System assigns itself an IP address
Appliance Firewall - ANSWER--Filters or restricts network traffic to/from networked
resources
-Content and protocol filtering
-Screened network host and subnetwork
-Port Restrictions
,APT - ANSWER-Advanced Persistent Threat
-Prolonged, stealthy, ongoing series of sophisticated attacks
-Usually entails diddling attack techniques and redundant attack vectors to maintain
adaptable, long-term control
Asymmetric Cryptography - ANSWER--Also known as Public Key Cryptography (PKC)
-Each user is assigned a mathematically related key pair
-Public key is available t oeveryone
-Private key is kept a secret
-One key encrypts the data and the other key decrypts the data
AUP - ANSWER-Acceptable Use Policy
Backdoors - ANSWER-Allows access to a system without having to authenticate
Behavior-based detection (Heuristics) - ANSWER-Looks for evidence of compromise
based upon abnormal system responses
BPA - ANSWER-Business Partners Agreement
-A written agreement defining the general relationship between
business partners with a focus on financial matters
Broadcast Storm - ANSWER--Frames are broadcasted, received and rebroadcasted by
each switch, resulting in the frame never being delivered.
-Can cause severe network congestion
-Degrades switch processing
BSSID - ANSWER-Basic Service Set ID
-ID of the wireless network
Buffer Overflow - ANSWER-More information is placed in a buffer (memory stack or
heap) than it can hold, which then overflows into the next buffer
Business competitors - ANSWER-A business adversary trying to gain a competitive
advantage
Business Continuity Planning (BCP) - ANSWER--The preventative and proactive
strategic plan to mitigate disruptive incidents to business operations
-Focuses on anticipating business operation disruptions
,Business Impact Analysis (BIA) - ANSWER--A management tool that helps determine
the financial impact of business of organizational changes
Business Information Classifications - ANSWER--Public
-Private
-Proprietary
-Confidential
BYOD - ANSWER-Bring Your Own Device
-Device is owned by the employee and is allowed to be used within the company for
business functions
CA - ANSWER-Certificate Authority: Creates, signs, and revokes asymmetric keys
CHAP - ANSWER-Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol
-A 3way handshake challenge: Peer sends request to authenticator, Authenticator
sends Nonce to Peer, Peer sends response back to Authenticator to get authenticated
CIA Triad Model - ANSWER--Confidentiality: Achieving and maintaining secrecy
-Integrity: Achieving and maintaining trust
-Availability: Maintaining timely access
Clean Desk Policy - ANSWER-Secure sensitive items when not in use
COBO - ANSWER-Corporate Owned, Business Only
-Device is issued by the company and can only be used for official business purposes
-Company administers the device
COPE - ANSWER-Corporate Owned, Personally
-Company manages the device and applies restrictions
-Employees can use the device for personal functions
CRL - ANSWER-Certificate Revocation List: a list housed by the CA that contains the
serial numbers of digital certificates that have been revoked
CSR - ANSWER-Certificate Signing Request: Formal request sent to the CA asking for
a certificate to be
generated
, CYOD - ANSWER-Choose Your Own Device
-Employees choose from a list of company supported devices
DAR - ANSWER-Data at Rest: Stored data
Data Backups and Storage Solutions - ANSWER--Disk-based data backups
-Tape-based data backups
-Onsite storage: readily available, online versus offline data backups
-Offsite storage: Geographical considerations
-Cloud storage: data sovereignty issues
Data in Transit/Motion - ANSWER-Data passed between systems through the network
Data in use/Point of Sale (POS) - ANSWER-Data being processed in a system
Data Sanitization Techniques - ANSWER--Purging: altering or removing the data in a
way so that it can no longer be accessed
-Degaussing: using a strong electromagnetic field on magnetic media to make the data
unreadable
-Wiping: overwriting the media with multiple rounds of intermittent bits (zeroization)
-Encryption: encrypting the data but deleting the decryption key
Data State Model - ANSWER-Implement the CIA triad within each of the data states
Database Normalization - ANSWER-Process of refining a relational database to reduce
data redundancy and improve the integrity of the data
Database stored procedures - ANSWER-Prewritten functions stored within the database
data dictionary
Database Tokenization - ANSWER-Replacing sensitive data with arbitrary data
DDoS - ANSWER-Distributed Denial of Service
-Multiple attackers prevents access to resources for authorized users
-Often causes resource exhaustion
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