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NURS 3309 Pathophysiology UTHSCSA EXAM 1 Questions With Complete Solutions
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NURS 3309 Pathophysiology UTHSCSA EXAM 1 Questions With Complete Solutions
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NURS 3309 Pathophysiology UTHSCSA EXAM 1 QuestionsWith Complete Solutions
alpha adrenal receptors and beta adrenal receptors Correct
Answers Alpha receptors are primarily vascular...
Beta receptors are found on the heart (ex. patients with heart
problems get Beta blockers to reduce effect of catacholamine on
heart)
Beta- endorphins Correct Answers proteins in the brain that
reduce pain during stressful situations
C5a (anaphylatoxin, chemotactic factor) purpose Correct
Answers Allows Leukocyte (neutrophil) migration towards the
gradient created by chemotactic factor
Chemical signaling Correct Answers
Define and describe clonal diversity and clonal selection
Correct Answers Clonal diversity refers to the concept of
lymphocytes dividing before birth and producing large amounts
of B/T lymphocytes that have highly specific antigen receptors.
These antigen receptors are designed to only encounter one
antigen, and have this "lock and key" style mechanism in
finding the specific invading microorganism and attaching itself
to initiate the immune response.
Clonal selection happens once the infection is detected.
Phagocytic cells (such as dendrites) process the invading
microorganism (and its antigen) and then present it to
, lymphocytes. B and T lymphocytes will differentiate into
specialized effector cells which build up by number in order
attack the pathogen.
B cells become plasma cells that produce antibodies
T cells may differentiate to kill the pathogen (t-cytotoxic cells),
assist clonal selection process (t-helper cells), or suppress
unwanted immune responses (t-regulator cells)
Both types may become memory cells to respond to second
infections by the same pathogen later in life.
Define and describe humoral and cell-mediated immunity
Correct Answers Humoral immunity - Antibodies in the blood
which protect our body from outside microbes BEFORE they
infiltrate the cell
Cell-mediated immunity - When effector T cells from the blood
defend against microbes/cancer INSIDE the cell
Define antibody, describing the molecular structure and function
of an antibody Correct Answers
Define antigen and differentiate between the various types of
antigens Correct Answers An antigen is the target of
lymphocytes and antibodies, and they are found on the surface
of microbes or infected cells. Binds with antibodies OR
receptors on B/T lymphocytes.
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