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NURS 3303 EXAM 5 FINAL QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
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NURS 3303 EXAM 5 FINAL QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
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NURS 3303 EXAM 5 FINAL QUESTIONS WITHCOMPLETE SOLUTIONS
1st Stage Pneumonia Correct Answers aching, SOB, fever &
chills, increased WBC (24 hrs)
2nd Stage Pneumonia Correct Answers fibrin traps RBC/WBC,
macrophages dissolve, mucus & fluid in lungs, heavy cough,
lungs are trying to get rid of everything from inflammation
process & mucus (green, yellow, rusty, gray)
- 8-10 days later ~ tissue will heal itself
Acid-Base Concepts Correct Answers - CO2 is ACID -
regulated by the LUNGS to abnormalities RESPIRATORY
- Bicarb is regulated by the kidneys so abnormalities are usually
METABOLIC
Acidosis Correct Answers - cause: too much acid CO2
(respiratory) or not enough base (metabolic)
*pH DOWN excess hydrogen ions (acids)
- effects: decreased/impaired nervous system, HAs, lethargy,
weakness, confusion, coma, death if not treated, hypotension,
ventricular fib - hyperkalemia
- compensation: DEEP RAPID BREATHING (to decrease
CO2), urine pH is lower
Acquired Immunodeficiency Causes Correct Answers -
Nutritional: protein deficiency, Zinc deficiency (affects B/T
cells)
- Stress: repetitive or significant stress due to ^ corticosteroids
- Iatrogenic: steroids, chemo, radiotherapy
,- Traumatic : burns, trauma
- Infections: prototype - HIV, AIDS
ACS Risk Factors Correct Answers - family history
- high cholesterol/lipids
- obesity
- SMOKING
- DIABETES
- HTN
Actinic Keratosis Correct Answers - precancerous, a precursor!
- red, scaly plaque
- may evolve over time, have been exposed to sun/UV rays ~
"sun spots"
- need to be seen by dermatologists so it doesn't become
cancerous
Active Acquired Immunity example Correct Answers -
(requires exposure)
- Primary Response: initial exposure to antigen > requires TIME
to develop antiB or sensitized T cells > more severe symptoms
- Secondary Response: immediate recognition w/ repeat
exposure > rapid response due to memory - quick stimulation of
antiB or T cells > not to mild symptoms
- EX: herpes simplex (fever blisters)
Active Acquired Immunizations - VACCINES Correct Answers
- "not alive"
- a vaccine is a weakened virus (attenuated or inactivated)
- CAN NOT CAUSE DISEASE-genes for disease removed
,- vaccine is administered ~ body thinks it is an antigen and
builds antiB against it (ACTIVE IMMUNITY!!)
*NO LIVE VIRUS VACCINES SHOULD BE GIVEN TO AN
IMMUNE COMPROMISED PERSONS
Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) Correct Answers term used
for ISCHEMIC DISORDERS OF THE HEART that occur
suddenly & require immediate treatment
- Myocardial Infarction (MI)
STEMI = ST elevation MI - full thickness muscle (WORSE)
NSTEMI = non-ST elevation MI - partial thickness
- Unstable Angina- both are indication of myocardial ischemia
due to coronary artery atherosclerosis
Acute Diabetes Mellitus Complications Correct Answers
hypoglycemia, Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA), Hyperglycemic
Hyperosmolar Syndrome (HHS)
Acute Gastritis Correct Answers Usually superficial erosions
due to injury to mucosal barrier by drugs or chemicals
(NSAIDS, aspirin, alcohol)
Acute MI Correct Answers ***the extent of damage caused by
an MI is influenced by 3 factors:
- location or level of occlusion in the coronary artery
- length of time that the coronary artery has been occluded
- hearts availability of collateral circulation
TX Goal: restore tissue oxygenation - time is MUSCLE
, Acute Pain Correct Answers - results from new onset of tissue
injury or inflammation - sudden, lasts hours to days, and
resolves with healing of the disorder
- plays a biologically protective role because it facilitates tissue
repair and healing by making the injured area and surrounding
tissue hypersensitive to all kinds of stimuli
Acute Pancreatitis Correct Answers - usually mild; sometimes
need hospitalization
- common causes: alcoholism, biliary tract obstruction
- obstruction of outflow of pancreatic enzymes; enzymes are
activated > autodigestion
- S/S: abdominal pain, vomiting, abdominal distention
- TX: rest the pancreas (nothing by mouth), pain medication,
antibiotics, stop drinking
Acute Renal Failure (ARF) Correct Answers **Acute Bilateral
Kidney Dz - involves BOTH kidneys (usually reversible)
CAUSES: direct renal ischemia,
aspirin/steroids/tylenol/radioisotopes
- severe, prolonged circulatory shock or heart failure
- nephrotoxins - drugs, chemicals or toxins
- mechanical obstruction blocking flow (reduces GFR)
calculi, blood clots, tumors, pyelonephritis- inflammation or
tubular necrosis
- infra-renal vascular occlusion/infarct, renal artery
emboli/infarct
Acute Stage Correct Answers FULL INFECTIOUS DZ S/S are
present; immune system is fully engaged
- 3rd stage of infection
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