Krause-s Food and the Nutrition Care Process, 14th Edition Test Bank exam with complete solutions
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Course
Nutrition Care
Institution
Nutrition Care
. The most important thing to establish in the first counseling session is
a.
the counseling relationship.
b.
likes and dislikes in the counseling environment.
c.
fees for service.
d.
reimbursement potential by insurance providers.
Absorption occurs in the stomach for which of the foll...
Krause's Food and the Nutrition Care
Process, 14th Edition Test Bank exam
with complete solutions
. The most important thing to establish in the first counseling session is
a.
the counseling relationship.
b.
likes and dislikes in the counseling environment.
c.
fees for service.
d.
reimbursement potential by insurance providers.
Absorption occurs in the stomach for which of the following nutrients?
a. Vitamins
b. Carbohydrates
c.Minerals
d. Alcohol
d. Alcohol
The stomach is the site of digestion of small amounts of lipid and protein. Large proteins
are broken down into peptides. Otherwise, the stomach breaks down food into smaller
particles and passes it into the small intestine, where absorption of all nutrients
EXCEPT alcohol takes place. Alcohol is absorbed through the stomach.
Pepsinogen is converted to pepsin when it comes in contact with
a. enterokinase.
b. trypsinogen.
c. hydrochloric acid.
d. peptidases.
c. hydrochloric acid.
Pepsinogen is secreted in the stomach and converted to its active form by the acid
environment of the stomach. Enterokinase is secreted by the brush border of the small
,intestine in response to the presence of chyme. Trypsinogen is secreted by the
pancreas and activated by enterokinase. Various peptidases are secreted by the either
brush border or the pancreas.
Which of the following is formed by bacterial synthesis in the colon?
a. Vitamin K
b. Vitamin D
c. Vitamin B6
d. Niacin
a. Vitamin K
Colonic bacteria produce vitamin K, vitamin B12, thiamin, and riboflavin. Vitamin D may
be metabolized by exposure of precursor vitamin D in the skin to ultraviolet light. The
human body can synthesize niacin from the amino acid tryptophan. Vitamin B6 must be
obtained from dietary sources such as meats, whole grains, vegetables, and nuts.
After surgical removal of a large portion of the small intestine, what functional
complication is most likely to develop?
a. Changes in dietary habits
b. Impaired digestion
c. Loss of absorptive tissue
d. Elimination of dietary residue
c. Loss of absorptive tissue
The small intestine is the primary site of nutrient absorption because of its large
absorption surface area. Secretions from the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas can still
contribute to digestion of intestinal contents. However, decreased absorption of
nutrients and food components may result in more intestinal remains and residue. A
patient may change dietary habits as a result of gastrointestinal discomfort experienced
after intestinal resection, but this is not a functional complication.
The sight or smell of food produces vagal stimulation of the parietal cells of the gastric
mucosa, resulting in the increased production of what?
a.Motilin
b.Hydrochloric acid
c.Cholecystokinin
d.Secretin
b. Hydrochloric acid
Parasympathetic innervation that causes release of hydrochloric acid helps prepare the
stomach for the potential of receiving food. After food chyme is passed into the small
intestine from the stomach, secretin and cholecystokinin are secreted to stimulate
pancreatic secretion of water and bicarbonate. They also signal gallbladder contractions
and colonic motility, all resulting in reductions in stomach emptying and duodenal
, motility. Motilin is secreted from the duodenal mucosa during fasting to stimulate gastric
emptying and intestinal motility.
If a patient experiences malabsorption of fat resulting from an impaired ability to
produce adequate bile salts for micelle formation, how may fat absorption be improved?
a. By increasing short-chain fatty acids in the diet
b. By increasing medium-chain fatty acids in the diet
c. By increasing long-chain fatty acids in the diet
d. By restricting dietary intake of cholesterol
b. By increasing medium-chain fatty acids in the diet
Medium-chain fatty acids of 8 to 12 carbons can be absorbed directly by mucosal cells
without the presence of bile. The long-chain fatty acids require micelle formation for
absorption. Short-chain fatty acids result from bacterial fermentation of malabsorbed
carbohydrates and fibers. As bile is produced from cholesterol, dietary restriction of
cholesterol is negligible in regard to improvements in fat absorption.
What is the function of secretin?
a. Stimulation of gastric secretions and increased motility
b. Stimulation of gallbladder contraction and the release of bile
c. Stimulation of the pancreas to secrete water and bicarbonate
d. Stimulation of the parietal cells to secrete gastrin
c. Stimulation of the pancreas to secrete water and bicarbonate
Secretin is the hormone that works in opposition to gastrin. Whereas gastrin stimulates
stomach digestion activities, secretin decreases gastric output and promotes pancreatic
secretions to neutralize the acidity of chyme. Cholecystokinin is also secreted when
chyme enters the duodenum, and it is responsible for stimulating the gallbladder.
Which of the following is a list of enzymes released from the pancreas?
a. Insulin, trypsin, and secretin
b. Lactase, isomaltase, and dextrinase
c. Protease, pepsin, and gastrin
d. Trypsin, chymotrypsin, and carboxypeptidase
d. Trypsin, chymotrypsin, and carboxypeptidase
Trypsin, chymotrypsin, and carboxypeptidase are three protein digestive enzymes
secreted by the pancreas. Insulin is an endogenous hormone secreted by the pancreas.
Secretin is a hormone secreted by the small intestine. Lactase and isomaltase (also
known as dextrinase) are brush-border enzymes. Pepsin, which is a protease, and
gastrin are hormones secreted by the stomach.
In what form is dietary fat absorbed from the lumen of the intestine?
a. Chylomicron
b. Micelle
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