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Stat 503 | Questions And Answers Latest {} A+ Graded | 100% Verified
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Stat 503 | Questions And Answers Latest {} A+ Graded | 100% Verified
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Stat 503 | Questions And Answers Latest {2024- 2025} A+ Graded | 100% Verifiedwhy do we need statistics? - - biologists study the properties of living things
- measuring these properties is a challenge
variation - an inherent component of all living systems
system - anything composed of multiple interacting parts
constraints of stats - time and funding
uncertainty - variation + incomplete information
- sampling can bring it to the project
- probability or likelihood
Statistics - - the study of methods to describe and measure aspects of nature from samples
- a branch of science chiefly concerned with the collection, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of
empirical data
- provides tools to turn raw data into knowledge and understanding
- helps us recognize and describe the patterns in our data and helps us decide how certain we are that
our data reflect reality
- it is about estimation
estimation - the process of inferring an unknown quantity of a population using sample data
- a.k.a. statistic
- a related quantity calculated from a sample
- approximation of the truth
parameter - a quantity describing a population
, - the truth
- The numeric quantities that we use to describe a distribution
model - a simplified representation of some part of the real world
sampling theory - focuses on the generalizability of descriptive findings to the population from which
the sample was drawn
- a good way to organize data collection
- ensures that our data are unbiased, so they give us a reliable picture of the real world, and it also helps
us to do this in a way that's efficient
inferential statistics - numerical data that allow one to generalize- to infer from sample data the
probability of something being true of a population
statistical model - - estimate values
- test hypothesis
- predict new observations
- If we combine the parameters for location and spread of a distribution with an equation that describes
its shape
Biological, or scientific models - - explain how we think a system works
- They identify the important components in a system and describe how those parts interact with each
other
- they describe causal relationships among the different parts of the system
- Because these models propose specific cause-and-effect relationships, they can make specific, testable
predictions about the patterns that we should see in our data if they're correct.
statistical models - - describe and summarize the patterns that exist in our data, and explain how
sampling error or other sources of random variation would affect those patterns.
- As a result, they allow us to draw reliable or valid conclusions about patterns that exist in the real
world despite the fact that we are only looking at a small number of individuals.
- Describe and summarize the patterns in data.
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