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DHN 510 EXAM WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2024
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What are some factors that affect the bioavailability of Vitamin A? correct answers vitamin D,E,K affect absorption in small intestine (they compete with each other)// zinc deficiency interferes with absorption// iron status decreases Vt A absorption what are some factors that affect the bioava...

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  • August 24, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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DHN 510 EXAM 3

What are some factors that affect the bioavailability of Vitamin A? correct answers
vitamin D,E,K affect absorption in small intestine (they compete with each other)// zinc
deficiency interferes with absorption// iron status decreases Vt A absorption

what are some factors that affect the bioavailability of thiamin? correct answers
inhibited by alcohol consumption// thiaminase (enzyme) found in raw fish acts as an
anti-thiamin factor that decreases absorption

what are some factors that affect the bioavailability of folate? correct answers synthetic
vs natural form (1.7x better absorbed than naturally)// lost through food prep and
cooking

fat soluble vitamins? correct answers A,D,E,K

water soluble vitamins? correct answers
Thiamin/Riboflavin/Folate/Biotin/B6/B12/Pantothenic Acid/Niacin/Vt C

water soluble vitamins characteristics correct answers absorbed through
passive/facillitated diffusion// transported directly into bloodstream// store very little
(recycling)// readily in urine// toxicity uncommon// consume regularily

fat soluble vitamin characteristics correct answers require fat/bile to be absorbed//
transports--lymphatic muscles, then blood vessels// more stored--adipose and liver
tissues//little to no excretion in urine// toxicity is common//not needed daily

the bioavailability of vitamins depends on? correct answers efficiency of digestion
(diarrhea/bariatric surgery/gallbladder disease DECREASE)// previous nutrient intake
and nutritional status//foods eaten at the same time//food processing and prep//sources
of vitamin (synthetic vs natural)

what vitamin is more readily absorbed synthetically? correct answers folate

iron absorption is increased with? correct answers vitamin C

calcium absorption is increased with? correct answers vitamin D

what is one specific reaction where TPP serves as a coenzyme? correct answers
pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
reaction between: pyruvate-----acetyl CoA

,which form of vitamin E has greatest relative activity? correct answers alpha tocopherol
(found in blood and used by body) (many foods and supplements)

what are the two forms of vitamin E? correct answers alpha tocopherol and gamma
tocopherol

what are three natural good food sources of vitamin E? correct answers sunflower
oil/corn oil/almonds

what is the connection between vitamin E and CVD? correct answers vitamin E is an
antioxidant--which means it can prevent lipid oxidation caused by free radicals--thus
protecting the cell membrane from oxidation--can lead to the prevention and reversing
of diseases, such as CVD

Niacin supplements are used to treat what? what is the correct dosage? what is the first
sign of toxicity? correct answers cholesterolemia// doses of 1-2 GRAMS// should look
out for niacin flush

why does a person with high protein intake have a greater need for vitamin B6? correct
answers B6 is essential for protein metabolism and needed to build muscle// PLP the
coenzyme for B6---bounds to albumin and in blood (75-80% ends up in muscles/
muscle is prime reservoir)

alice is 25 and 8 weeks pregnant// what are the folate requirements for male&female/
pregnant/ and breastfeeding? correct answers 400ug/600ug/500ug

the digestion process of folate correct answers 1) in food, folate is polyglutamate. in the
intestine, digestion breaks glutamates off and adds methyl--folate is absorbed and
delivered to cells
2) in cells, folate is trapped in inactive form
3) to activate, B12 removes and keeps methyl which activates B12
4) folate and B12 coenzyme are active and available synthesis

folate occurs as what form naturally and what form in supplements? correct answers
polyglutamate, mono glutamate

why is folate more readily absorbed in synthetic form? correct answers some folate
sources (food) contain substances that affect absorption
ex: FBP, found in dairy products, is destroyed when heat is applied (folate lost through
food prep and cooking)

why are elderly adults at risk for B12 deficiency? correct answers without intrinsic
factor, VtB12 is POORLY ABSORBED
***intrinsic factor decreases with increased age

, why do smokers have an increased need for vitamin C? correct answers smokers need
the antioxidant feature of vitamin C to attempt to counteract the damage done to the
cells by smoking

selenium is part of what enzyme system and how does selenium intake affect risk for
cancer? correct answers selenium is a co factor for GPX, which is the body natural
antioxidant system--preventing free radical formation, blocking the chain reaction before
it begins and minimizing the risk for chronic disease, such as cancer

would you recommend a chromium supplement to someone with type 2 DM? correct
answers ** the most important function of chromium is maintaining blood glucose
control by enhancing the activity of insulin// chromium is essential for glucose tolerance
factor (Cr+ nicotinic acid + amino acids)// 1) initiates disulfide bridging between insulin
and insulin receptor---which increases effectiveness of insulin and increases
metabolism of CHO/PRO/LIPID// would recommend because it would help control their
glucose by the increase of insulin

what is the best source of vitamin E? correct answers sunflower oil

what is the RDA for vitamin D for a 25 year old female? correct answers 15 ug/day

menaquinone? correct answers made by bacteria in the colon

are individuals with darker skin likely to have Vt D deficiency? correct answers darker
skin people have melanin in their skin, which acts as a natural sunscreen, slowing down
the production of vitamin D---more likely to have deficiency

which of the following interferes with vitamin A absorption and metabolism ? correct
answers vitamin K

what are properties of water soluble vitamins ? correct answers readily excreted, need
to be consumed regularly, toxicity not significant

are vitamins organic? correct answers yes

what is the RDA for vitamin E for a 30 year old male? correct answers 15 mg/day

what are the two naturally present forms of vitamin A? correct answers retinol (alcohol)
& retinal (aldehyde)

provitamin A? correct answers carotenoids (orange/yellow color + antioxidant abilities)

vitamin A in food? correct answers beta carotene (plant) (40-60%)
retinal esters (animal) (80-90%, more absorbable, stored in liver)

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