4 complications commonly associated with general anesthesia: - 1. venipuncture complications
2. local complications of drug administration
3. general drug related complications
4. specific drug complications
4 types of venipuncture complications: - 1. non-running (or very slow running) IV infusion
2. hematoma
3. inflitration
4. localized venous complications
5 causes of a non-running, or very slow running, IV infusion: - 1. IV infusion bag too close to heart level
2. bevel of needle against wall of vein
3. tourniquet left on arm
4. inflitration of fluid outside of vein
5. venospasm
From what 2 steps of venipuncture will a hematoma likely result? - insertion of the needle OR removal
of the needle
How can a hematoma be prevented during venipuncture? - by applying adequate pressure on the
venipuncture site
"Infiltration" is defined as: - fluid extravasation outside of the vein (blown vein)
What signs indicate infiltration has occurred during venipuncture? (2) - swelling and pain at the IV site
, What should you do if infiltration occurs during venipuncture? - stop infusion and restart IV at a
different site
*essential to detect this PRIOR to the administration of any drugs
What is one common localized venous complication that can occur during venipuncture? - air embolism
How can an air embolism be prevented during venipuncture? - by ensuring all IV lines and syringes are
cleared of free air pre-op
How much air can a 50 kg patient tolerate during venipuncture? - 50 mL
3 local complications of drug administration: - 1. extravascular drug administration
2. intra-arterial injection
3. local venous complications
What signs indicate extravascular drug administration has occurred? (3) - pain, delayed absorption of
the drug, and tissue damage
How should you manage a patient that has received drugs extravascularly? What if 1-2 mL of drug has
already been administered? - stop infusion, remove needle, and hold pressure at injection site
administer several mL of 1% procaine at site of infiltration
When should 1% procaine be administered following extravascular drug administration? Why? - if 1-2mL
of drug have already been administered extravascularly
increases the rate of drug absorption and eliminates any discomfort
__________ is the most significant localized complication of IV sedation - intra-arterial injection
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