Radiolucent - Dark-to-black areas on a processed radiograph that result from the passage of radiant
energies through less dense/soft areas. Examples include pulp, dental caries and foramen.
Radiopaque - Light-to-white areas on a processed radiograph that result from radiant energies
penetrating more dense structures. Examples include amalgam and gutta percha.
amalgam restoration - A form of dental restoration that uses a combination of two or more metals, one
of which is mercury; a blend of powdered metal alloy and mercury to produce a restorative material.
composite restoration - A form of dental restoration that uses resin restorative material that is
hardened by chemical or light curing.
Condyle of the mandible - A ball like structure that forms the hinge between the maxilla and the
mandible and is a part of the temporomandibular joint
Panoramic radiograph - An extraoral radiograph taken to expose the maxillary and mandibular arches,
tempormandibular joints and associated anatomy on a single film.
Cephalometric radiograph - An extraoral radiograph of the head that is used in orthodontic and
prosthodontic dentistry to show a profile of the patient's head.
Computed Tomography (CT) - An imaging technique that isolates an area or "slice" of tissue while
blurring out other structures.
Ramus - The vertical portion at each end of the mandible that are perpendicular to the body of the
mandible.
body of the mandible - The curved horizontal part of the mandible that extends from one ramus to the
other
, mandible - A single bone which makes up the lower jaw and is the only movable bone in the skull.
- Made up of the condyloid process, the coronoid process, the ramus, the body of the mandible, the
alveolar process, and the mental protuberance.
Maxilla - Two bones that form the upper jaw and part of the palate, joined together at the midline by
the maxillary suture
Alveolar process - The extension of the maxilla and mandible that surrounds and supports the teeth to
form the dental arches.
- Upper aspect of the body of the mandible
- Appears radiopaque on maxillary molar peroapical radiographs
Midsagittal plane (midline) - Imaginary vertical plane that equally separates the body into right and left
halves.
orbit - eye cavity
Frankfort Plane - Imaginary line from the bottom of the eye socket to the auditory meatus
Junction of lateral wall of nassal fossa and the wall of the maxillary sinus - Inverted Y located above the
maxillary canine in the canine-premolar region. Appears radiopaque on maxillary canine periapical
images.
Periapical exposure - Pertaining to around the apex; radiograph that exposes the entire tooth and
surrounding tissues.
Maxillary sinus - Large cavities located superior to the maxillary premolar and molar teeth. Appear
radiolucent on maxillary premolar and molar periapical images. The outline of the denser tissue (the
floor of the sinus) appears radiopaque.
- Roots of maxillary 1st molar always appear to penetrate sinuses but rarely do.
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