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GMS 6551 Module 3 Exam | Questions And Answers Latest {} A+ Graded | 100% Verified
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GMS 6551 Module 3 Exam | Questions And Answers Latest {} A+ Graded | 100% Verified
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GMS 6551 Module 3 Exam | Questions And Answers Latest {2024- 2025} A+ Graded |100% Verified
What is pharmacodynamics? - What a drug does to an organism.
What are the most common drug targets? - Receptors and enzymes.
What percentage of drug targets do receptors account for? - Almost 45%.
What percentage of drug targets do enzymes account for? - Around 28%.
What are some examples of enzyme drug targets? - Dihydrofolate reductase, Acetyl Co A reductase, and
angiotensin converting enzyme.
What are some examples of receptor drug targets? - Dopamine receptors, angiotensin receptors, and
beta adrenergic receptors.
What is the function of ion channels? - Allow for the passage of ions from or to the extracellular and
intracellular medium.
What is the function of G protein coupled receptors? - Allow for activation of various second messenger
intracellular proteins.
What is the function of kinase linked receptors? - Induce phosphorylation of various intracellular
downstream proteins.
What is the function of nuclear receptors? - Modulate gene synthesis by binding to DNA.
What is the timescale at which ion channels work? - Milliseconds.
,What is the timescale at which G protein coupled receptors work? - Seconds.
What is the timescale at which kinase linked receptors work? - Minutes.
What is the timescale at which nuclear receptors work? - Hours to days.
What are some examples of ion channels? - Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.
What are some examples of G protein coupled receptors? - Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.
What are some examples of kinase linked receptors? - Insulin receptors and EGF receptors.
What are some examples of nuclear receptors? - Estrogen receptors.
What are ligand gated ion channels? - Transmembrane receptors that allow passage of ions when a
ligand binds to it.
What are some examples of ligand gated ion channels? - Acetylcholine, GABA, serotonin, and glutamate
receptors.
What is the mechanism of action of drugs like nicotine and Chantix? - They bind to the ligand gated ion
channels for acetylcholine and modulate the flow of ions into the cell.
What are kinase linked receptors? - Transmembrane receptors that activate downstream signaling
molecules through kinase domains.
What are the two types of kinase linked receptors? - Tyrosine kinase coupled receptors and cytokine
receptors.
What is the mechanism of action of tyrosine kinase coupled receptors? - EGF binds to monomers, causes
dimerization, and auto phosphorylation of kinase domains, leading to activation of downstream
signaling molecules.
, What is the mechanism of action of cytokine receptors? - Cytokine binds to monomers, causes
dimerization, and activation of jak kinases, which phosphorylate intracellular domains and stats, leading
to activation of genes.
What are nuclear membrane receptors? - Transmembrane receptors found on the nuclear membrane or
inside the nucleus that activate transcription factors and induce transcription of genes.
What are the two domains of nuclear membrane receptors? - Ligand binding domain and DNA binding
domain.
What is the mechanism of action of nuclear membrane receptors? - Hormone binds to ligand binding
domain, changes receptor structure, and allows DNA binding domain to bind to DNA sequence, inducing
transcription of genes.
What are G protein coupled receptors? - Transmembrane receptors that bind to G proteins and activate
downstream effector proteins.
What is the structure of G protein coupled receptors? - They pass through the membrane seven times
and have a receptor binding pocket.
What are G proteins? - Proteins with three subunits (alpha, beta, and gamma) that use GTP as their
source of energy.
What is the mechanism of action of G protein coupled receptors? - Agonist binds to receptor binding
pocket, changes receptor structure, and allows binding to heterotrimeric G protein, leading to activation
of downstream effector proteins.
What happens when the heterotrimeric G protein is in its resting state? - It is bound to GDP and the
receptor is inactive.
What happens when the heterotrimeric G protein is in its activated state? - The alpha subunit is bound
to GTP and can activate downstream targets.
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