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BS 161 FINAL Exam Prep Questions And Answers ()
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BS 161 FINAL Exam Prep Questions And Answers (202472025)Which argument best defends a characteristic of the solute seen on the right? - ✔✔The solute is
hydrophobic because there are is no observable evidence of electrostatic interactions between the
partially charged atoms of the water molecule and the solute
What best describes a lipid? - ✔✔a molecule that does not dissolve well in water
The flow of information in a cell proceeds in what sequence? - ✔✔DNA is a template to make
RNA, RNA is a template to make proteins
What processes occur in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell? - ✔✔Transcription and RNA
processing
What is represented in the image on the right? - ✔✔an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase charging a
tRNA
What accurately identifies the template strands for these genes? - ✔✔Strand 1 is the template
strand for the histone gene and strand 2 is the template strand for the transporter gene
what aspect of nucleic acid structure is important in determining which strand is the template
strand? - ✔✔double stranded nucleic acids are antiparallel
what additional reasoning is needed to completely explain which strand is used as the template
strand? - ✔✔RNA polymerase moves from the promoter to the terminator adding nucleotides to
the 3' end of the new RNA
The building block on the right is used to produce what type of polymer? - ✔✔RNA
How should the side chain of the amino acid depicted on the right be classified and why should it
be classified this way? - ✔✔It should be classified as polar because the side chain contains atoms
with significantly different electronegativies which form polar bonds.
,Prokaryotic protein synthesis is faster than eukaryotic protein synthesis. What characteristic of
prokaryotic transcription and translation makes the overall process faster than in eukaryotes? -
✔✔Prokaryotes lack a nucleus so translation of an mRNA can begin even before transcription of
the mRNA is complete.
What correctly lists the components necessary for transcription? - ✔✔RNA polymerase, DNA,
and RNA nucleotides
What do you predict would happen if an aminoacyl tRNA synthetase was mutated so that it
always attached the wrong amino acid to its tRNA? - ✔✔The cell would die because this would
create errors in most proteins and erupt their function
In an effort to determine which type of molecule contained the genetic information, scientists
treated extracts from dead virulent bacteria with enzymes, incubated the treated extracts with live
non virulent bacteria, and checked for production of virulent bacteria. Which type of enzyme
prevented production of virulent bacteria? - ✔✔DNase
What role do the functional groups in the peptide bond play in alpha helices? - ✔✔They form
hydrogen bonds with functional groups in other peptide bonds of nearby amino acids
What of the four levels of protein structure is represented in the image to the right? - ✔✔Tertiary
What level of protein structure involves IMFs between two different polypeptide chains? -
✔✔Quaternary
What type of molecule is depicted on the left and what features make it this type of molecule? -
✔✔It is a disaccharide because it is made up of two monosaccharides
What statement below most likely describes the role of amino acid 87 in the structure and
function of this enzyme? - ✔✔This interaction between amino acid 87 and 35 causes the
polypeptide to fold into a specific tertiary shape.
,when the Substrate binds to the enzyme, amino acid 90 is interacting with the hydroxyl group on
the Substrate. What type of interaction is most likely taking place between amino acid 90 and the
Substrate? - ✔✔Hydrogen bonding
you think that amino 50 is interacting with the NH3+ the substrate. Using this hypothesis, which
of the following amino acids would you predict might be found at position 50 and why might
you make this prediction? - ✔✔Aspartic acid because it will form a favorable ionic interaction
with the substrate.
what do you predict would happen in cells where a mutation changed amino acid 50 to a
different amino acid that cannot interact with the amino group and why would this happen? -
✔✔The cells would divide more rapidly because the structure of the protein determines the
function of the protein.
In eukaryotes, what determines where transcription starts? - ✔✔General transcription factors
interact with promoters and bind to RNA polymerase indicating where transcription starts.
What are critical regions of a tRNA molecule? - ✔✔amino acid attachment site and anticodon
loop
Alternative splicing allows for: - ✔✔different polypeptides to be made from a single gene
Alternative splicing means that: - ✔✔different spliced forms contain different combinations of
exons
Depicted here are five codons from the coding strand of DNA and the very short peptide they
encode:original DNA sequence: 5'ATG-TCT-AAC-TTA-TAA 3'
protein sequence: Met-Ser-Asn-Leu-STOP
A mutation adds the nucleotide T between the first and second codons in the DNA sequence
creating a mutant version of the gene.
- What will happen to the length of the mRNA produced from the mutant version of this gene? -
✔✔It will be one nucleotide longer because RNA poly does not read codons
, Depicted here are five codons from the coding strand of DNA and the very short peptide they
encode:original DNA sequence: 5'ATG-TCT-AAC-TTA-TAA 3'
protein sequence: Met-Ser-Asn-Leu-STOP
A mutation adds the nucleotide T between the first and second codons in the DNA sequence
creating a mutant version of the gene.
- What will happen to the length of the protein produced from the mutant version of this gene? -
✔✔It will be shorter because the third codon is now a stop codon which will cause translation to
end
Depicted here are five codons from the coding strand of DNA and the very short peptide they
encode:original DNA sequence: 5'ATG-TCT-AAC-TTA-TAA 3'
protein sequence: Met-Ser-Asn-Leu-STOP
A mutation adds the nucleotide T between the first and second codons in the DNA sequence
creating a mutant version of the gene.
- What best describes the impact of having extra nucleotide in this gene? - ✔✔The extra
nucleotide causes a shift in the reading frames
Explain how information is encoded in the structure of DNA
- The importance of IMF's in DNA
- Relationship between information in DNA and structure of proteins - ✔✔information is
encoded in DNA by the order of nucleotides, which determines the structure and function. RNA
polymerase comes along and pairs complementary base pairs. Functional groups are important
because they allow for bases to be paired correctly thought IMF's. DNA determines the structure
of proteins
What component of a phospholipid is found in the interior of a lipid bilayer? - ✔✔the fatty acids
What does the molecule on the right represent? - ✔✔Unsaturated fatty acid
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